It refers to all the species of animals, plants, and microorganisms that live in a certain place or in the same environment. Biota does not include the meaning of the relationship between species or the environment, and the range of the place or environment can be set arbitrarily. For example, the biota of Japan and the Lake Biwa biota are based on the place, while the coniferous forest biota and soil biota are focused on the environment. Biota generally does not include quantitative evaluation such as the number of organisms or the dominance. Biota surveys are important for ecology, which is related to biological communities and ecosystems. However, it is extremely difficult to clarify the entire biota even for a small area, mainly due to taxonomic difficulties. Biota can usually be divided into fauna, flora, and microbiota. Differences in biota are caused by abiotic factors such as climate, biotic factors such as vegetation, and geographical and geographical factors. [Kazuzo Tanida] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
一定の場所、あるいは同一の環境にすむ動物、植物、および微生物の全種類をさしていう。生物相には、種類相互の関係や環境との関係といった意義は含まれず、場所あるいは環境の範囲は任意に設定できる。たとえば、日本の生物相、琵琶湖(びわこ)生物相は場所を単位としたもので、針葉樹林の生物相、土壌生物相は環境を主眼に置いたものである。また生物相には、一般に生物の個体数や優占度といった量的評価も含まれていない。生物群集や生態系にかかわる生態学にとっては、生物相調査は重要である。しかし、主として分類学上の困難さから、小地域についてさえも全生物相を明らかにするのはきわめてむずかしい。生物相は、普通、ファウナ(動物相)、フロラ(植物相)、ミクロビオタ(微生物相)に分けることができる。生物相の違いは、気候などの非生物的要因、植生などの生物的要因、地史的・地理的要因などによって生じる。 [谷田一三] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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