A policy is generally a plan, policy, or plan of action that an individual or group considers to obtain, maintain, or increase a particular value, such as a good or state that is the object of desire. In particular, policies in political society, that is, public policies, are a means of resolving issues or conflicts that cannot be resolved at the societal level by carrying out governing activities. Policies are considered as technical issues for rationalizing the means to a certain end and making rational judgments. Separated from the purpose of realizing it, the content of the policy itself, such as what values to achieve, what activities and resources to use, and how to achieve them, can become a point of contention or may give rise to new conflicts. The main actor is generally the state or central government, but local governments can also have their own policies, and political parties and pressure groups also have their own policy platforms and promote specific policies. [Hideyuki Kawano] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
政策とは一般に、個人あるいは集団が、欲求の対象としている財や状態といった特定の価値を獲得し、維持・増大させるために考える行動の案・方針または計画のことをいう。とくに政治社会における政策、つまり公共政策public policyは、社会のレベルでは調整できない争点もしくは紛争に対して統治活動を施すことによって、その解決を図る手段である。政策は一定の目的のための手段の合理化や合理的判断のための技術的な問題として考えられ、その実現目的から切り離して、いかなる価値を、どのような活動と資源を用いて、どんな方法で実現するかという政策内容自体が争点となりうるし、新たな紛争を生むこともありうる。その主体となるのは一般に国家あるいは中央政府であるが、地方政府もまた独自の政策をもちうるし、政党や圧力団体もまた自らの政策綱領をもったり特定の政策を推進したりしている。 [川野秀之] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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