Control chart - Kanrizu (English spelling) control chart

Japanese: 管理図 - かんりず(英語表記)control chart
Control chart - Kanrizu (English spelling) control chart

In the broad sense, it is a general term for various charts used as a means of control, but in the narrow sense, it is a chart for quality control based on statistical probability theory. In general, it refers to a control chart in the narrow sense, and will be explained below. When the same product is mass-produced, even if it is produced using the same production process, the quality usually varies due to various causes. Control charts are created with the aim of keeping this variation within a certain tolerance range and eliminating the causes that go outside the range. There are various types of control charts, but the example chart shown here is a (bar-x) control chart using the typical 3σ (sigma) method. The lines passing through the points that are 3σ (three times the standard deviation) above and below the average value are set as the upper and lower limits, and if an index indicating quality (the simplest example is dimensions) is within this range, it is considered normal. Samples are extracted from the process, inspected and measured, and the values ​​are plotted on the chart. If the values ​​go outside the limits, it is considered that an abnormality has occurred and measures are taken, thereby suppressing the variation in quality.

[Mitsuo Morimoto]

(Bar-X) Control Chart (Figure)
©Shogakukan ">

(Bar-X) Control Chart (Figure)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

広義には管理手段として用いられる各種の図表を総称するが、狭義には、統計学的確率論を基礎にして品質管理を行うための図をいう。一般に狭義の管理図をさし、以下、それについて説明する。同一製品を大量に生産する場合、同一生産工程で生産されても、その品質はさまざまな原因によってばらつきをもつのが普通である。このばらつきを一定許容範囲内に収め、範囲外に出る原因を除去することを目的としてつくられるのが管理図である。このような管理図にもまた各種あるが、例示したは、代表的な3σ(シグマ)法による(バーエックス)管理図である。平均値の上下の3σ(標準偏差の3倍)にあたる点を通る線を上下の限界とし、品質を示す指標(もっとも単純な例は寸法)がこの範囲にあれば正常とする。工程のなかから試料(サンプル)を抽出して検査・測定し、その値を図上に打点し、その値が限界外に出たとき、異常が発生したとみなして対策を講じることにより、品質のバラツキを抑えることができる。

[森本三男]

(バーエックス)管理図〔図〕
©Shogakukan">

(バーエックス)管理図〔図〕


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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