Sunnah - Sunnah (English spelling)

Japanese: スンナ - すんな(英語表記)Sunnah
Sunnah - Sunnah (English spelling)

In Islam, it means a practice or model that has been practiced since ancient times and serves as a model for believers. In the Arabian Peninsula during the pre-Islamic Jahiliyya period (the age of ignorance), it was considered important to adhere to the customs and behavioral patterns passed down from generation to generation, and the model of behavior in this case was called the Sunna. However, with the birth of Islam, the words and actions of the Prophet Muhammad (Mohammed) became central as a model for the faith and behavior of believers, and the Sunna came to refer specifically to the example set by the Prophet Muhammad. The standards of faith and behavior of believers are first sought in the Holy Quran, a revelation from God, but the descriptions in the Quran are insufficient to govern the complex and diverse real lives of believers, and believers find complementary standards in the words, actions, and tacit understandings attributed to the Prophet Muhammad. The Sunna thus became the second source of law that formed the basis of Islamic law. The words and deeds of the prophet were passed down by his "companions" (sahaba) who lived at the same time as the prophet, and were then passed down to later generations. The words and deeds of the prophet, including the sunnah, were recorded and formed into "hadith." The term "Sunni" refers to those who follow the sunnah of the prophet, which was passed down to the community through the companions in this way. The Shiite concept of sunnah does not only refer to the prophet Muhammad, but also includes the examples embodied in the words and deeds of the imams (rulers) who succeeded him. In addition, the second of the five categories of recommended actions (mandoob) used to classify all human actions in Islamic law is also called sunnah.

[Shigeru Kamata]

[References] | Islamic Law | Sunni Islam | Hadith

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イスラム教において信徒の規範となる古来実践されてきた慣行、範例を意味する。イスラム教以前のジャーヒリーヤ時代(無明時代)のアラビア半島では、先祖代々踏襲してきた習慣や行動様式を遵守するのが重要な徳目と考えられ、その際の行動の範例がスンナと称された。しかしイスラム教の誕生によって信徒の信仰や行動の模範として預言者ムハンマド(マホメット)のことばや行動が中心的意味をもつようになり、スンナとは預言者ムハンマドの示した範例をとくにさすようになった。信徒の信仰や行動の規準は、まず神の啓示である聖典コーランに求められるが、コーランの記述は信徒の複雑多岐にわたる実際の生活を律するには不十分であり、預言者ムハンマドに帰せられることばや行動や暗黙の了解のなかにそれを補う規範をみいだすようになる。スンナはこのようにイスラム法の基礎を形づくる第二の法源となった。この預言者の言行は、預言者と同時代に生きた「教友たち」(サハーバ)によって伝承され、さらに後代に伝えられた。スンナを含むこの預言者の言行は記録され、「ハディース」を形成する。スンニー派とは、このように教友たちを通して共同体のなかに伝承された預言者のスンナに従う者たちの意味である。シーア派のスンナの観念は単に預言者ムハンマドのものだけでなく、彼を継ぐイマーム(教主)たちの言行に体現する範例まで含む。そのほか、イスラム法で人間の行う行為全体を分類する場合に用いる五範疇(はんちゅう)の第二の推奨行為(マンドゥーブ)もスンナとよばれる。

[鎌田 繁]

[参照項目] | イスラム法 | スンニー派 | ハディース

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Sunni - Sunnah is

>>:  Sunthonphu (English spelling)

Recommend

Ribeiro, B.

…The representative writers of this period includ...

Nutarinoki - Nutarinoki

An ancient castle fortification built near Nuttar...

Jonoyama Kofun - Jonoyama Kofun

A circular tumulus located in Hirano, Wadayama-cho...

blue whaler

…It is said that it was named after the bird, the...

Kiyoshi Hasegawa

Printmaker. Born in Yokohama. After graduating fr...

American spiny rat - American spiny rat

…Also known as the American spiny rat. A general ...

Georgian language; Kartuli ena

A South Caucasian language. It is also called Geor...

kiva

...In the III period (400-700), agricultural syst...

Chinese astronomy - Chinese astronomy

The history of Chinese astronomy can be seen as th...

Sump tube

…A thin tube inserted into the stomach through th...

Suganuma

A lake located at the northern foot of Mt. Shirane...

Northern Alps - Kita Alps

This is a Gifu kasutori shochu. Its name comes fro...

Akamuro (Flyfish) - Akamuro

...It is the main target of the drive net. Takasa...

Akashi Shiganosuke

Year of birth: Year of birth and death unknown. A ...

Pinter - Pintar (English spelling) Harold Pinter

British playwright. Born in the working-class of ...