Ionia (English spelling)

Japanese: イオニア（英語表記）Iōnia

The ancient Greek name for the central west coast of Anatolia (Asia Minor) and its surrounding islands. The region had contact with the Hittite Empire before 1200 BC, and was called Asias (Asia) by the Greeks. It is likely that Ionian Greeks migrated east from Attica after the collapse of the Achaean Kingdom, and the name was left as a place name. From the 8th century BC, 12 major cities such as Ephesus, Miletus, Chios, and Samos were established, a religious Pan-Ionian League was formed, and the arts and sciences flourished through exchanges with the Orient. From 700 BC, they colonized the Spanish coastal region from the Black Sea, which led to conflict with Lydia, which was conquered, and then came under the control of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia. They rebelled around 499 BC, but failed, which was the cause of the Persian Wars. In the 5th century BC, they were subject to Athens and Sparta, and in 387 BC they were offered to Persia. Although it maintained its nominal independence under the reign of Alexander III, in the 2nd century BC it became a Roman province of Asia, and even under the Byzantine Empire, cities such as Ephesus, Miletus, Smyrna, and Chios prospered as world-class cities.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

アナトリア（小アジア）西岸中央部とその周辺の諸島をさす古代ギリシアの地方名。前1200年以前からヒッタイト王国と接触，ギリシア人からはアシアス（アジア）と呼ばれた。おそらくアカイア王国の崩壊でアッチカ方面からイオニア系ギリシア人が東遷，その名を地名として残した。前8世紀からエフェソス，ミレトス，キオス，サモスなど 12主要都市が興り，宗教的な汎イオニア連盟が成立し，オリエントとの交流で学芸が栄えた。前700年以降，黒海からスペイン沿海地方に植民し，そのためリュディアと争い制圧され，次いでアケメネス朝ペルシアの支配下に入った。前499年頃反乱して失敗したが，これがペルシア戦争の原因となった。前5世紀にはアテネ，スパルタに服し，前387年ペルシアに提供された。アレクサンドロス3世治下では名目上独立を保ったが，前2世紀ローマの属州アシアとなり，ビザンチン帝国治下でも，エフェソス，ミレトス，スミルナ，キオスなどは世界的都市として繁栄した。

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