Speckle interferometry

Japanese: スペックル干渉法 - スペックルかんしょうほう(英語表記)speckle interferometry
Speckle interferometry
The spatial resolution of an astronomical telescope with an aperture D is λ/ D for light with a wavelength λ. For example, the 5m Hale telescope has a spatial resolution of about 0.02 arc seconds for visible light. However, when light from a celestial body passes through the Earth's atmosphere, it is refracted by numerous turbulent masses (about 10 cm in diameter), and even a point light source becomes a blurred image of 1 to 10 arc seconds, so the above theoretical resolution cannot be achieved. However, in 1970, A. Labeyrie of France showed that by recording a direct image of a celestial body with a telescope in a short time of about 0.01 seconds, the effect of the violently fluctuating turbulent masses is frozen, so to speak, and the light from the celestial body that has passed through different turbulent masses produces spots due to the interference effect when it is added together in various phases. He noted that this is nothing other than the image of the celestial body seen with the theoretical resolution of the telescope, and showed that spatial information of the celestial body can be obtained with the theoretical resolution by image processing of these spots.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:
口径Dの天体望遠鏡の空間分解能は波長λの光に対してλ/Dであり,例えば口径5mのヘール望遠鏡では可視光で0.02秒角の程度である。しかし,天体からの光が地球大気を通過する際には多数の乱流塊(直径10cm程度)による屈折を受け,たとえ点光源といえども1~10秒角のぼやけた像になってしまい上記理論的分解能は得られない。しかるに1970年にフランスのラベリエA.Labeyrieは,望遠鏡による天体の直接像を0.01秒程度の短時間で記録することにより,激しく変動する乱流塊の効果はいわば凍結され,異なる乱流塊を通った天体からの光は,種々の位相で加え合わさる際の干渉効果によって斑点を生ずるが,これは,望遠鏡の理論的分解能で見た天体の像にほかならないことに着目し,これらの斑点の画像処理から理論的分解能で天体の空間情報が得られることを示した。

出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報

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