A genus in the Oscillaceae family of the Cyanobacteria class. It is a blue-green microalgae that is 0.3 to 0.5 mm long and 6 to 10 micrometers thick, with a hair-like spiral shape. Its name comes from the Latin word "spira," which means spiral or twist. Its morphology and ecology are similar to algae, and it inhabits highly alkaline saltwater lakes, growing by photosynthesis using chlorophyll. It has been confirmed to grow wild in tropical lakes in Africa and Central America, and in the area around Lake Chad in central Africa, it is called "dieu" and has long been eaten as a valuable source of protein. Spirulina's composition is 50-70% crude protein, 2-9% lipids, 10-20% carbohydrates, 1-4% crude fiber, and 5-10% ash. It contains many essential nutrients and is also called the food of the future. Although it is still in the research stage, it is expected to be effective in preventing lifestyle-related diseases, and due to its ingredients such as β-carotene, it has antioxidant effects, antiviral effects against many pathogens including HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) and human cytomegalovirus, antitumor effects, and effects on the immune system and allergies. It is already very popular as a dietary supplement. Because it can be cultivated artificially at low cost and easily in tropical regions, and because it is highly productive, it has attracted attention in poverty-stricken areas, particularly in Africa, and a trial cultivation plan is underway in Zambia. While developing it into a nutritional supplement for overseas markets, it is hoped that locally produced spirulina can help alleviate serious malnutrition and weakened immune systems among the poor in the country. [Editorial Department] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
藍藻(らんそう)綱ユレモ科の1属。長さ0.3~0.5ミリメートル、太さ6~10マイクロメートルで、毛様螺旋(らせん)状をした青緑色の微細藻類である。名称は螺旋やねじれなどを意味するラテン語spiraに由来する。形態や生態は藻類に近く、強アルカリ性塩水湖などに生息し、クロロフィルによる光合成によって成長する。アフリカや中央アメリカの熱帯の湖で自生が確認されており、アフリカ中央部のチャド湖周辺ではこれをダイエとよび、貴重なタンパク源として古くから食用にしてきた。 スピルリナの成分組成は、粗タンパク質50~70%、脂質2~9%、炭水化物10~20%、粗繊維1~4%、灰分5~10%である。必須栄養素が多く含まれ、未来の食糧ともよばれる。まだ研究段階であるが、生活習慣病の予防効果、β(ベータ)-カロテンをはじめとする含有成分によって、抗酸化作用、HIV(ヒト免疫不全ウイルス)やヒトサイトメガロウイルスをはじめとする多くの病原体に対する抗ウイルス作用、抗腫瘍(しゅよう)作用、免疫やアレルギーなどに対する作用など、ヒトへの有効性が期待されている。すでに健康補助食品として人気は高い。 熱帯地域であれば低コストで簡単に人工栽培が可能で、生産性も高いため、アフリカを中心に貧困に苦しむ地域で注目されており、ザンビアでは試験栽培計画が進んでいる。海外向けに栄養補助食品として製品開発する一方、スピルリナを地産地消することによる国内の貧困層の深刻な栄養不良や免疫力低下の抑制が期待されている。 [編集部] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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