A city in the Campania region of southern Italy. It flourished most in ancient and medieval times. It is believed to have been founded by the Etruscans in 471 BC at the latest, but was soon occupied by a group of Osci, then by the Samnites, and was annexed by Rome in the late 4th century BC. During the Second Punic War, it sided with Hannibal, and was besieged and captured by the Roman army in 211 BC. The urban community was dissolved, and the Capua region became public property of Rome. Gladiator competitions were popular here, and a training camp was set up for gladiatorial combat, but in 73 BC, Spartacus escaped from this training camp and led an army of slaves in an uprising against Rome. A colony was built here by Caesar and Augustus in the late 1st century BC, and during the imperial period it flourished as a large city with an estimated population of 300,000. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the city was conquered by the Vandals, ruled by the Byzantine Empire, and destroyed by the Arabs, but a new town was built in 856. It was later ruled by the Normans and the Spanish, but in 1860 Garibaldi defeated the Bourbon army in the Battle of the Volturno River. The ancient Capua is now Santa Maria Capua Vetere, a town with a population of 30,140 (2001 census estimate), including a Roman amphitheater and temple ruins. Modern Capua is 7 km northwest of the ancient Capua, with a population of 19,030 (2001 census estimate), medieval palaces and churches. [Ryuichi Hirata] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イタリア南部、カンパニア地方の都市。古代、中世にもっとも栄えた。遅くとも紀元前471年にエトルリア人によって建設されたと考えられるが、まもなくオスキ人の一派、ついでサムニウム人によって占領され、前4世紀後半ローマに併合された。第2回ポエニ戦争の際ハンニバル側につき、前211年ローマ軍に攻囲されて陥落し、都市共同体は解体され、カプア地方はローマの公有地とされた。当地では剣闘士の競技が盛んであり、彼らの訓練所が設営されていたが、前73年この訓練所を脱走したスパルタクスは、奴隷軍を率いてローマに対し蜂起(ほうき)した。前1世紀後半カエサル、アウグストゥスらにより当地に植民市が建設され、帝政期には推定人口30万を擁する大都市として繁栄した。西ローマ帝国滅亡後、バンダル人の強略、ビザンティン帝国の支配を受け、アラブ人に破壊されたが、856年に新たに町が建設された。その後、ノルマン人やスペインなどに支配されたが、1860年ガリバルディがボルトゥルノ川の戦いでブルボン軍を破った。 古代のカプアは現在サンタ・マリア・カプア・ベテレSanta Maria Capua Vetereとよばれる人口3万0140(2001国勢調査速報値)の町となり、ローマ時代の円形劇場や神殿跡が残る。現在のカプアは古代のカプアの北西7キロメートルにあり、人口1万9030(2001国勢調査速報値)、中世の宮殿や教会がある。 [平田隆一] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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