Aira Caldera

Japanese: 姶良カルデラ - あいらかるでら
Aira Caldera

Located at the northern end of Kagoshima Bay, this caldera stretches 23 km from east to west, 17 km from north to south, and covers an area of ​​430 square kilometers. It is one of the large Aso-type calderas that stretch from central to southern Kyushu, proposed by geologist Matsumoto Tadaichi in 1943 (Showa 18). It is thought to have been formed when a large-scale pyroclastic flow occurred at the end of the Pleistocene (Pleistocene Epoch) (about 20,000 years ago), resulting in the eruption of about 150 cubic kilometers of shirasu (pumice-like volcanic ash sand widely distributed in southern Kyushu), causing the mountain to collapse, and later the Sakurajima volcano was born near its southeastern edge.

[Akira Suwa]

[Reference] | Aso Caldera

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

鹿児島湾の北端に位置する東西約23キロメートル、南北約17キロメートル、面積約430平方キロメートルのカルデラ。1943年(昭和18)に地質学者松本唯一(ただいち)が提唱した九州中部から南部に連なる阿蘇型大カルデラ群(あそがただいかるでらぐん)の一つ。更新世(洪積世)末期(約2万年前)に火砕流が大規模に発生し、約150立方キロメートルのシラス(南九州に広く分布する軽石質の火山灰砂)が噴出した結果、山体が陥没してできたと考えられ、のちにその南東縁寄りに桜島火山が誕生した。

[諏訪 彰]

[参照項目] | 阿蘇カルデラ

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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