Born: November 3, 1912, Encarnacion, Paraguay [Died] August 16, 2006. Brasilia, Brazil. Paraguayan politician and military leader. President (in office 1954-89). Full name Alfredo Stroessner Matiauda. Born the son of German immigrants, he studied at the military academy in Asuncion and then joined the army in 1932. He rose to the rank of colonel and became commander-in-chief of the army in 1951. In 1954 he staged a military coup to oust President Federico Chavez and become president. Under his rule, Paraguay's currency stabilized, inflation was reduced, and new schools, public health facilities, and roads were built, but most of the national budget was used by the paramilitary organizations to maintain power. From 1975 to 1982, Paraguay participated in the construction of the huge Itaipu Dam on the border with Brazil. Stroessner's supporters dominated the National Assembly and the courts, and in 1967 and 1977, the constitution was amended to legalize his six consecutive terms as president. Stroessner's government was actively involved in Operation Condor, a covert operation carried out by several South American countries to eliminate rebel forces, which led to numerous illegal arrests, extraditions, and other human rights violations. He also allowed several international fugitives, including Nazi war criminal Josef Mengele, to enter Paraguay. In 1988, he was elected president for an eighth consecutive term, but was ousted in a military coup in 1989. He then fled to Brazil, where he was accepted as a political refugee. In the 21st century, Paraguay unsuccessfully sought Stroessner's extradition on charges related to Operation Condor. (→Paraguay's History) Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
[生]1912.11.3. パラグアイ, エンカルナシオン [没]2006.8.16. ブラジル, ブラジリア パラグアイの政治家,軍事指導者。大統領(在任 1954~89)。フルネーム Alfredo Stroessner Matiauda。ドイツ系移民の息子として生まれ,アスンシオンの陸軍大学で学んだのち,1932年に陸軍に入隊。大佐にまで昇進し,1951年には陸軍総司令官となった。1954年軍事クーデターを起こしてフェデリコ・チャベス大統領を追放し,大統領に就任した。政権下でパラグアイの通貨は安定し,インフレーションは緩和し,新しい学校や公共の保健医療施設や道路も建設されたが,国家予算の大部分は,みずからの権力を保持するための民兵組織にあてられた。1975~82年,パラグアイはブラジルとの国境で巨大なイタイプダムの建設に参加。国会や裁判所はストロエスネルの支持者たちで占められ,1967年と 1977年には,6期連続の大統領就任を合法化するための憲法改正も行なわれた。ストロエスネル政権は一部の南アメリカ諸国が反政府勢力を抹殺するために共同で行なった秘密作戦「コンドル作戦」に積極的に関与し,これにより,おびただしい数の不法逮捕や,身柄引き渡し,その他の人権侵害が行なわれた。さらに,ナチスの戦争犯罪人ヨーゼフ・メンゲレを含む何人かの国際逃亡者をパラグアイに受け入れることを容認した。1988年,8期連続で大統領に選出されたが,1989年,軍事クーデターによって追放された。その後ブラジルに亡命し,政治亡命者として受け入れられた。21世紀に入り,パラグアイは「コンドル作戦」に関する罪状でストロエスネルの身柄引き渡しを求めたが,かなわなかった。(→パラグアイ史) 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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