Stegosaurus - stegosaur

Japanese: ステゴサウルス - すてごさうるす(英語表記)stegosaur
Stegosaurus - stegosaur

A dinosaur belonging to the family Stegosauridae, suborder Euripoda, suborder Stegosauridae, order Ornithischia. A 9-meter-long herbivorous dinosaur discovered in a layer dating back to the late Jurassic period of western North America, approximately 155.7-145.5 million years ago. It is a representative genus of Stegosauria and one of the most famous of all dinosaurs. Its back was well-developed with 17-19 large pentagonal bone plates arranged in alternating rows. The arrangement of these plates has often been debated, but the most widely accepted theory is that they were arranged in alternating rows at the front and in a single row at the back. The tip of its tail had two to four pairs of spikes about one meter long. These spikes were clearly for defense. The bone plates had numerous grooves on the surface and a honeycomb structure inside, each of which is thought to have had blood vessels running through them. It is thought that it was covered in keratin or skin when alive. They probably served as thermoregulators rather than defenses, because the plates could be directed toward the sun to absorb heat and toward the wind to dissipate heat. In wind tunnel experiments, the plates were arranged in opposing positions, but the plates were arranged alternately, which showed that the plates dissipated heat more than necessary, and this seems to support the theory of alternating plates. Other than thermoregulation, the plates may have served a different purpose, such as display. The spinal cavity containing nervous tissue was located above the hind legs in the lumbar vertebrae, and was larger than the brain. However, this was much larger than the volume required for the nerve cords to the hind legs and tail, so it is thought that glycogen bodies were used there, as in birds. Stegosauria probably fed on young leaves up to about one meter in height. The brain index was comparable to that of sauropods and smaller than all other dinosaurs except sauropods. This low value would indicate that they relied on defensive armor and tail weapons rather than on flight. The tail lacked ossified tendons, allowing it to bend easily. The shoulder muscles were powerful, and the long hind legs would have allowed the animal to rotate its body and twist its tail to thrust its spines into its prey.

[Ikuo Obata]

"Stegosaurus" by Heather Amery, illustrated by Tony Gibbons, translated by Kyoichi Tomita (1994, Holp Publishing)""Dinosaur Behavior and Life 7: Stegosaurus - What were the bone plates and spikes of the stegosaur for?" edited and written by Satoshi Satoshi, Nature Pro Editorial Office (1995, Kaiseisha)

[Reference] | Stegosauria

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

鳥盤目装盾(そうじゅん)類(亜目)エウリポッド類剣竜類(けんりゅうるい)(下目)ステゴサウルス科Stegosauridaeに属する恐竜。北アメリカ西部のジュラ紀後期、約1億5570万年~1億4550万年前の地層から産出した全長9メートルの草食恐竜。剣竜類を代表する属で、あらゆる恐竜のなかでももっとも有名なものの一つである。背中には大きな五角形の骨板がよく発達しており、17~19枚が交互に並んでいた。その並び方はしばしば議論されたが、前方で交互に並んでいたのが後方で1列になっているという説がもっとも有力である。尾の先には1メートルほどのスパイク(突起)が2対ないし4対あった。このスパイクは明確に防御用のものであった。骨板のほうは表面に無数の溝があり、内部は蜂(はち)の巣構造になっていて、そのそれぞれに血管が通っていたと考えられる。生存時には角質か皮膚に覆われていたと思われる。おそらく防御用というよりは、むしろ体温調節器官の役を果たしたのであろう。骨板を太陽に向けて熱を吸収したり、風に向けて熱を放散したりできるからである。風洞実験を行った結果では、骨板を対置したモデルでは放熱が必要以上に観測されたのに、交互に並べたモデルでは体熱の放散が適切であったというから、これは骨板交互説を裏書きしているかのようである。体温調節以外の骨板の役目としては、たとえばディスプレー用であったかもしれない。腰椎(ようつい)骨で後肢上の位置には神経組織の入った脊髄腔(せきずいくう)があり脳より大きかったが、それは後肢と尾への神経索が必要とする体積よりずっと大きいので、鳥類同様にグリコーゲン体が占めていたのではないかという。剣竜類はおそらく高さが約1メートルまでの若葉を食べていたと思われる。脳指数はよろい竜類のものに匹敵し、竜脚類を除くすべての恐竜類より小さい。この低数値は、逃走よりも防御用装甲と尾部の武器に頼ったことを示すであろう。尾では骨化した腱(けん)が喪失しているのでよく屈曲させることができた。肩の筋肉は強力で、長い後肢を支点に体を回転させ、尾を曲げねじることで棘(とげ)を敵に突き刺したであろう。

[小畠郁生]

『ヘザー・アメリー文、トニー・ギボンズ絵、富田京一訳『ステゴサウルス』(1994・ほるぷ出版)』『佐藤哲、ネイチャー・プロ編集室構成・文『恐竜の行動とくらし7 ステゴサウルス――剣竜の骨板やスパイクは何のためにあったのか』(1995・偕成社)』

[参照項目] | 剣竜類

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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