William Styron

Japanese: スタイロン - すたいろん(英語表記)William Styron
William Styron

American author. Born in Newport News, Virginia, on the Atlantic coast. Joined the Marines while attending Duke University, and spent the end of the Pacific War in Okinawa. After graduating from university after the war, he worked as an editor before suddenly garnering attention with his novel, "Lying in the Dark" (1951). His novella, "The Long March" (1953), depicts the human relations within the military, centering on the 36-mile march of the Marines in the South during the Korean War. "Set Fire to the House" (1960) is an ambitious work that explores the suffering of artists and ideological issues in a retrospective, centering on a murder case involving three young Americans at a resort in southern Italy. His Pulitzer Prize-winning work, "The Confessions of Nat Turner" (1967), is a non-fiction reenactment of the black rebellion that occurred in Virginia in 1831, from the perspective of the mastermind. The film caused controversy when a black critic criticized it as a "perfunctory portrayal of black people." Although he had been sincere in addressing various issues related to the South, his next work, Sophie's Choice (1979), was set in the North and broadened his perspective, exploring the human condition of the 20th century, a century of war, by vividly portraying the life of a non-Jewish woman who experienced the horrors of Auschwitz. The story is based on the author's own experiences in New York just after the war. Another work is a comedy, Field Hospital (1973), set in a naval hospital in the South. Styron excelled at portraying the violence lurking behind peaceful ways of life through the psychology of the victims. He visited Japan as a guest of the International PEN Convention in 1984 and gave an energetic lecture.

[Anvil force]

"The Long March" translated by Suyama Shizuo (1969, Shobunsha)""The Confessions of Nat Turner" translated by Ohashi Yoshinosuke (1979, Kawade Shobo Shinsha)""Sophie's Choice" translated by Oura Akio, 2 volumes (1983, Shinchosha)" ▽ "Visible Darkness" translated by Oura Akio (1992, Shinchosha)""Tidewater Morning" translated by Oura Akio (1999, Shinchosha)""Lying in the Darkness" translated by Suyama Shizuo, newly reprinted (2001, Hakusuisha)""The Pleasures of Southern Fiction -- William Styron" by Nakamura Koichi (1995, Rinkawa Shoten)

[References] | Sophie's Choice | Lying in the Dark

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アメリカの作家。バージニア州の大西洋岸、ニューポート・ニューズに生まれる。デューク大学在学中海兵隊に入り、太平洋戦争の終戦を沖縄で迎える。戦後大学を卒業し、編集者を経て長編小説『闇(やみ)の中に横たわりて』(1951)で一躍注目を浴びる。中編『長い行進(ロング・マーチ)』(1953)は、朝鮮戦争下の南部における海兵隊の36マイル行進を題材に軍隊内の人間関係を描いたもの。『この家に火をつけよ』(1960)は、イタリア南部保養地での3人のアメリカ青年のかかわった殺人事件を軸に、芸術家の苦悩、思想の問題を回想的に追求した意欲作。ピュリッツァー賞を受賞した『ナット・ターナーの告白』(1967)は、1831年にバージニアで発生した黒人の反乱を、首謀者の視点からノンフィクションタッチで再現したもの。「おざなりな黒人像」と、ある黒人批評家の非難を浴びて物議を醸した。このように南部にまつわるさまざまな問題に真摯(しんし)に取り組んできたが、次の『ソフィーの選択』(1979)は北部に舞台を移し、さらに視野を広げ、戦争世紀の20世紀の人間の条件を、非ユダヤ人でありながらアウシュウィッツの恐怖を体験した一女性の生き方を活写することによって追求した。戦争直後の作者自身のニューヨーク体験が下敷きとなっている。ほかに南部の海軍病院を舞台とした喜劇『野戦病院にて』(1973)がある。スタイロンは、平穏な生き方の背後に潜む暴力を、犠牲者の心理を通して描くことを得意とした。1984年(昭和59)国際ペンクラブ大会のゲストとして来日、精力的に講演活動を行った。

[金敷 力]

『須山静夫訳『ロング・マーチ』(1969・晶文社)』『大橋吉之輔訳『ナット・ターナーの告白』(1979・河出書房新社)』『大浦暁生訳『ソフィーの選択』全2冊(1983・新潮社)』『大浦暁生訳『見える暗闇』(1992・新潮社)』『大浦暁生訳『タイドウォーターの朝』(1999・新潮社)』『須山静夫訳『闇の中に横たわりて』新装復刊(2001・白水社)』『中村紘一著『アメリカ南部小説の愉しみ――ウィリアム・スタイロン』(1995・臨川書店)』

[参照項目] | ソフィーの選択 | 闇の中に横たわりて

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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