A sculptor born in Kiev (now part of Ukraine) in Russia and naturalized in the United States. He is also known as Archipenko. After studying at art schools in Kiev and Moscow, he went to Paris in 1908 to study ancient Egyptian and African sculpture. After becoming friends with Cubist painters, he was one of the first to introduce their ideas into sculpture, becoming one of the founders of Cubist sculpture. He produced "painting-sculptures" such as "Medrano Circus" (1912) using a variety of materials such as glass, wood, and cloth, and bold colors. He also showed interesting explorations of how to handle space, such as incorporating concave and empty spaces into his sculptures and giving them the same meaning as mass. He moved to Berlin in 1921 and went to the United States in 1923. He taught at universities around the country, including the University of Washington and the New Bauhaus in Chicago, and opened schools in Chicago and New York, producing moving paintings that he called "archipentura." From around 1946, he started to create new sculptures using acrylic and electric light. He died in New York on February 26, 1964. [Shigeo Chiba] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ロシアのキエフ(現、ウクライナ領)に生まれアメリカに帰化した彫刻家。アーキペンコとも表記される。キエフとモスクワの美術学校で学んだのち、1908年パリに出て、古代エジプトやアフリカの彫刻を学ぶ。キュビスムの画家たちとの親交を契機に、いち早くその理念を彫刻に導入し、キュビスム彫刻の創始者の一人となった。『メドラノ・サーカス』(1912)をはじめ、ガラス、木、布など多様な素材と大胆な色彩を駆使した「絵画―彫刻」を制作し、また凹面や虚の空間部分を彫刻のなかに取り入れて、それにマッス(量塊)の部分と同等の意味を与えるなど、空間の扱い方に関して興味深い探求をみせた。1921年ベルリンに移り、1923年渡米。以後ワシントン大学、シカゴのニュー・バウハウスをはじめ各地の大学で教鞭(きょうべん)をとるとともに、シカゴやニューヨークに学校を開き、「アーキペンチューラ」とよぶ動く絵画を制作した。また1946年ごろからはアクリルや電光を使う新しい彫刻を手がけた。1964年2月26日ニューヨークで没。 [千葉成夫] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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