Deuteronomy - English translation: Devarim; Deuteronomy

Japanese: 申命記 - しんめいき(英語表記)Devarim; Deuteronomy
Deuteronomy - English translation: Devarim; Deuteronomy
A book of the Old Testament. In the Masoretic text it is the fifth book of the Law and is called "The Words" from the Hebrew debarim (words). In the Septuagint it is the fifth of the Pentateuch. Its title, Deuteronomy, comes from the Greek and its etymology suggests it means "copy" or "repetition" of the Law rather than "second law."
The origin of Deuteronomy has long been discussed as being related to the story in 2 Kings (chap. 22-23) about the religious reform by King Josiah of Judah (621 BC), but research by Deutte et al. has confirmed that the Book of the Law that was the standard for the reform was Deuteronomy. Therefore, although there are some dissenting opinions, its origin is roughly estimated to be the end of the 8th century BC or the 7th century BC. Deuteronomy takes the form of a sermon by Moses, but its content is roughly divided into three parts. First, chapters 1-11 preach the Ten Commandments and absolute obedience to the one God, Yahweh, chapters 12-26 contain the covenant law in Moab, chapters 27-32 contain the motivation for fulfilling the law and the retribution for obeying it, and finally, chapter 32 contains the song of Moses. The theology of Deuteronomy is that of the "people of God" chosen by the complete grace of the one God, Yahweh, and is represented by the words of Shema Yisrael, "Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God is one Lord; you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your strength" (6:4-5). In the new situation where the kingdom system threatened tribal freedom and Assyrian oppression was increasing, Deuteronomy once again powerfully proclaimed the old idea of ​​anphiktion (a tribal alliance centered on religion) of one God, one people, and one ritual.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
旧約聖書中の一書。マソラ本文では律法書の第5書でヘブル語でデバーリーム (言葉という意味) から「言葉」と呼ばれる。七十人訳旧約聖書 (→セプトゥアギンタ ) ではモーセ五書の第5書で,書名の申命記はギリシア語からつけたもので,語源が示すところによると「第2の律法」というよりは律法の「写し」,あるいは「繰返し」という意味がある。
『申命記』の起源についてはユダの王ヨシヤによる宗教改革 (前 621) に関する『列王紀下』 (22~23章) の物語との関係が早くから論じられていたが,デ・ウュッテらの研究によって,改革の基準とされた『律法の書』は『申命記』であると確認された。したがって,その起源は異論もあるが,ほぼ前8世紀末ないし前7世紀に求められる。『申命記』はモーセの説教という形式をとるが,内容的には大きく3部に分れる。まず1~11章で十戒と唯一の神ヤハウェへの絶対的服従が説かれ,12~26章でモアブでの契約律法が,27~32章では律法を果すべき動機とその遵守に対する応報が,そして最後に 32章ではモーセの歌が記されている。『申命記』の神学は,唯一神ヤハウェのまったき恵みによって選ばれた「神の民」の神学であり,それはシェマ・イスラエルすなわち「イスラエルよ聞け。我らの神,主は唯一人の主なり。汝心を尽し精神を尽し力を尽して汝の神,主を愛すべし」 (6・4~5) という言葉に代表される。『申命記』は王国の制度が部族の自由を脅かし,アッシリアの圧迫が増大するという新しい状況のもとで,一つの神,一つの民族,唯一の祭儀という古いアンフィクティオニー (宗教を中心とする種族連合) の理念を再び力強く掲げたものであった。

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