The etymological meaning is "to resound together." It mainly refers to instrumental ensembles from the Baroque period (c. 1600-1750). There was no uniform form or style, but in the early Baroque period, instrumental pieces inserted at the beginning or middle of vocal pieces such as operas and cantatas were generally called sinfonia. On the other hand, there were also sinfonia as standalone instrumental pieces with the same formal content as sonatas and canzonas. Around the end of the 17th century, sinfonia was given a shape by A. Scarlatti as an overture to an Italian-style opera. Its fast-slow-fast movement arrangement and homophonic style led to the subsequent development of the symphony. Sinfonia is also sometimes used synonymously with symphony. Bach also used it as the name for a three-part invention. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
語源的には「ともに鳴り響く」こと。おもにバロック時代 (1600頃~1750頃) の器楽合奏曲をさす。その形式,あるいは様式は一定しないが,初期バロックではオペラやカンタータなどの声楽曲の序または中間に挿入される器楽曲のことを一般にシンフォニアと呼んだ。一方,単独の器楽曲として,ソナタやカンツォーナなどと同等の形式内容をもつシンフォニアも存在した。 17世紀末頃にシンフォニアは,A.スカルラッティによってイタリア風オペラの序曲として形を整えられた。その急-緩-急という楽章配置とホモフォニックな様式は,あとに続く交響曲の発展を導く要因となった。なお,シンフォニアは,このほか交響曲と同義に用いられることもある。またバッハは,3声のインベンションに対する名称として用いている。
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