Shennong was a legendary emperor of ancient China. The name Shennong first appears in the "Mencius," which tells of a man named Xu Xing, who was a follower of Shennong's teachings during the Warring States period, who argued that both the people and the ruler should engage in farming. It is unclear what kind of person Shennong was whom Xu Xing revered, but in the Han dynasty, he is often mentioned in mysterious prophecy books such as the "Book of Wei." According to these books, Shennong had a strange appearance with the body of a man and the head of a cow or a dragon, and he taught the people how to farm and raise silkworms, set up markets to teach commerce, taught them how to use various herbs as medicine by tasting them, and invented the five-stringed zither. These achievements have led to him being counted as one of the Three Emperors, but since no specific descriptions of Shennong are found in ancient documents, it is believed that many parts of the legend of Shennong were added by later intellectuals. [Tota Kirimoto] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
中国古代の伝説上の帝王。神農の名前が最初に文献に現れるのは『孟子(もうし)』であり、これには、戦国時代、許行という神農の教えを奉じる人物が、民も君主もともに農耕に従事すべきであると主張したという話が載っている。許行が信奉した神農がいかなる存在であったかは明らかではないが、漢代になると、神秘的な予言の書である『緯書(いしょ)』などにしばしば神農のことが記されるようになる。それによれば、神農は体は人間だが頭は牛、あるいは竜という奇怪な姿をしており、民に農業や養蚕を教えたり、市場(いちば)を設けて商業を教えるほか、さまざまな草を試食して医薬の方法を教え、五絃(げん)の琴を発明したとされる。こうした業績から三皇の一人に数えられることもあるが、神農に関する具体的な記述は古い文献にみえないため、神農の伝説には後代の知識人が付け加えた部分が多いと考えられている。 [桐本東太] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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