Pressure sensation - Akkaku

Japanese: 圧覚 - あっかく
Pressure sensation - Akkaku

This is a sensation caused by pressure stimuli applied to the surface or deep inside of a living body. It is a movement-receptive sensation on the same level as touch or vibration sensation, and is a slow-adapting sensation that occurs when mechanical stimuli cause deformation or distortion of living tissue, i.e., movement of tissue.

Pressure sensations are felt in points distributed on the body surface as pressure points, and pressure receptors are now thought to be nerve endings of various shapes. Pressure stimulus information is transmitted by Aβ fibers in the periphery. However, some scholars believe that it is also transmitted by Aδ and C fibers. In the spinal cord, it ascends through the anterior lateral and posterior columns (although some scholars believe that the anterior lateral columns ascend through the ventral spinothalamic tract), passing through the special sensory relay nuclei of the thalamus and reaching the somatosensory cortex (postcentral gyrus). Pressure sensory information ascending the anterior lateral columns is rough information, while pressure sensory information ascending the posterior columns conveys detailed information about the pressure stimulus, i.e., the location where the pressure stimulus was applied, its extent, or the strength of the pressure stimulus.

[Masamichi Ichioka]

[Reference] | Skin sensation

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

生体の体表あるいは深部に加えられた圧刺激によっておこる感覚をいう。触覚や振動感覚と同一次元の動き受容感覚であって、機械的刺激によって生体組織に変形やゆがみなど、いわゆる組織に動きが生ずるときにおこる感覚のうち、順応が遅いものである。

 圧覚を感ずる場所は体表上に圧点として点状に分布しており、圧覚の受容器は、近年ではいろいろな形状をした神経終末と考えられている。圧刺激情報は末梢(まっしょう)ではAβ繊維によって伝えられる。しかし、そのほかにAδ繊維やC繊維によっても伝えられるという学者もいる。脊髄(せきずい)では前外側索と後索を上行し(ただし、前外側索のうち腹側脊髄視床路を上行するという説をとる学者もいる)、視床の特殊感覚中継核を経て大脳皮質体性感覚野(中心後回)に達している。前外側索を上行する圧覚情報は大ざっぱな情報であるのに対し、後索を上行する圧覚情報は圧刺激に関する詳細な情報、すなわち、圧刺激の加えられた部位と、その広がり、あるいは圧刺激の強さなどを伝えるとされている。

[市岡正道]

[参照項目] | 皮膚感覚

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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