Looking vertically at a cross section of soil, there is the topsoil (topsoil), which is usually dark and crumbles easily, and where plant roots grow well, followed by a dense, hard, lighter-colored layer below that that is not stirred up by normal tilling. The subsoil refers to the layer below the topsoil. It is synonymous with subsoil, but is usually called subsoil in contrast to the topsoil and subsoil in contrast to the topsoil. In the case of paddy field soil, a hard, whitish layer of clumped clay is sandwiched between the topsoil and the subsoil. If the subsoil has a bed layer or is dense, soil layer improvement work such as subsoil plowing and subsoil crushing is carried out to improve permeability and make it easier for crop roots to grow to the lower layers. [Yuki Koyama] [Reference items] | | | |©Takashi Aoki Structure of rice paddy Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
土壌の断面を縦にみると、上部に普通黒みを帯びて崩れやすく植物の根のよく張った作土(表土)があり、その下に普通の耕起では攪拌(かくはん)されない、緻密(ちみつ)で硬く上部より明るい色をした層が続いてみられる。心土とはこの作土より下の層のことをいう。下層土と同義語であるが、通常、作土に対して心土、表土に対して下層土とよぶことが多い。水田土壌の場合は作土と心土の間に粘土が凝集して硬く白っぽい色をした鋤床(すきどこ)層が挟まっている。心土に盤層があったり緻密な場合は、透水性の改善と作物根の下層への伸長を容易にするため、機械による心土耕、心土破砕などの土層改良が施工される。 [小山雄生] [参照項目] | | | |©青木 隆"> 水田の構造 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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