Transplanting a kidney from another person into a person with severe kidney damage. After a series of animal experiments, it began to be used clinically around 1950. Initially, it was performed between identical twins, but now transplants are performed using kidneys donated by close relatives such as parents and siblings, or even complete strangers. When an organ from another person is transplanted, rejection occurs in most cases, putting not only the transplanted organ but also the life of the recipient at risk. Therefore, it is necessary to test the tissue compatibility between the donor and recipient and select the best combination. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
腎臓に重大な障害のある人に他人の腎臓を移植すること。動物実験の積重ねを経て,1950年前後から臨床的に応用されるようになった。当初は1卵性双生児の間で行われたが,現在では親兄弟の近親者,さらにはまったく他人から腎臓の提供を受けて,移植が行われている。他人の臓器を移植すると,ほとんどの場合に拒絶反応が起って,移植臓器だけでなく,移植を受けた患者の生命も危険にさらされる。そこで,提供者と受者の間の組織適合性を検査して,最良の組合せを選ぶ必要がある。
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