Born: 1877. Utica, New York Died November 10, 1916, Kansas City. American geneticist. After studying engineering at the University of Kansas for a year, he switched to biology (1897). He studied under C. McClung. After obtaining his master's degree in 1901, he moved to Columbia University to study medicine, and in 1909 opened a practice in Kansas City. He practiced medicine for the rest of his life. Two papers he published while he was a graduate student at Columbia University (1902-03) were the forerunners of the chromosomal theory of inheritance. He observed chromosomes in grasshoppers and discovered that in somatic cells, chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes are paired with identical chromosomes of the same shape and size, and observed that during meiosis, which occurs when germ cells are formed, each of these paired chromosomes enters a different cell. He pointed out that these observations corresponded to the behavior of hereditary elements described in G. Mendel's paper, and he theorized that genes are contained in chromosomes. His observations and the theory based on them provided the foundation for the chromosomal theory of inheritance. Sutton |
[生]1877. ニューヨーク,ウチカ [没]1916.11.10. カンザスシティー アメリカの遺伝学者。カンザス大学で1年間工学を学んだのち,生物学に転向 (1897) 。 C.マクラングのもとで研究。 1901年修士号取得後,コロンビア大学に移って医学を修め,09年にカンザス市で外科医を開業。終生医業にたずさわった。コロンビア大学大学院在学中 (1902~03) に発表した2編の論文が遺伝の染色体説のさきがけとなった。バッタを材料として染色体の観察を行い,体細胞では性染色体以外の染色体はそれぞれ同形同大のもの同士が対をなしていることを発見,生殖細胞形成の際に起る減数分裂で,この対をつくっている染色体のそれぞれが別々の細胞に入っていくことを観察した。彼はこれらの観察事実が G.メンデルの論文に記された遺伝要素の行動に対応することを指摘し,遺伝子は染色体に含まれていると説いた。彼の観察およびそれに基づく理論は,遺伝の染色体説に基礎を与えるものであった。 サットン
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