The League was formed on September 26, 1815, at the suggestion of Russian Emperor Alexander I. Its unrealistic aim was to maintain peace in Europe through Christian-based brotherhood among monarchs and love for their subjects, but it was first joined by Prussia and Austria, and then by all European monarchs except the Pope, Great Britain, and Turkey. Metternich called it "meaningless loud chatter," but used it as an institution to protect the Vienna system along with the Quadruple Alliance (later the Quintuple Alliance), and succeeded in suppressing liberal and nationalist movements in each country by getting the resolutions to oppress the German liberal movement at the Aachen Conference in 1818, to intervene militarily in the Italian revolutionary movement at the Conferences of Troppau and Leibach (1820, 21), and to intervene militarily in the Spanish revolutionary movement at the Conference of Verona (1822). However, the League as a pan-European system collapsed in 1825 due to the blows of the Monroe Doctrine and the independence of Latin American countries, and then due to conflicts of interest among countries over Greek independence. [Katsuyo Okazaki] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
1815年9月26日、ロシア皇帝アレクサンドル1世の提唱で結成された同盟。その趣旨は、キリスト教に基づく君主間の友愛と君主の臣民への慈愛によりヨーロッパの平和を維持しようという非現実的なものであったが、まずプロイセン、オーストリアの、ついでローマ教皇とイギリス、トルコを除くヨーロッパの全君主が参加した。メッテルニヒはこれを「無意味な声高いおしゃべり」としながらも四国同盟(のち五国同盟)とともにウィーン体制護持の機関とし、18年アーヘン会議でドイツ自由主義運動弾圧を、トロッパウとライバハの会議(1820、21)でイタリア革命運動へのオーストリアの武力干渉、ベローナ会議(1822)でスペイン革命運動へのフランスの武力干渉を決議させ、各国の自由主義、民族運動を弾圧していった。しかし、モンロー宣言と中南米諸国の独立により打撃を受け、ついでギリシア独立をめぐる諸国の利害の衝突により、1825年全ヨーロッパ的体制としての同盟は崩壊した。 [岡崎勝世] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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