This is a condition in which the ankle joint is contracted in plantar flexion. In most cases, it is caused by an imbalance in the traction forces of the dorsiflexor and plantar flexor muscles. It can be congenital or acquired, but congenital equinus is rare. The most common are paralytic equinus and spastic equinus. Paralytic equinus is often caused by peripheral nerve palsy such as the peroneal nerve, polio, and neuromuscular diseases such as muscular dystrophy, while spastic equinus is seen in association with cerebral palsy and hemiplegia following a stroke. For paralyzed feet, it is important to use a good brace to prevent deformation. For those with equinus deformity and contracture, surgical treatment such as Achilles tendon lengthening or tendon transfer is performed. Note that equinus seen in congenital clubfoot is not included in this category. [Takashi Nagai] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
足関節が足底屈位で拘縮を生じた状態をいう。多くは背屈筋と底屈筋の牽引(けんいん)力のバランスの差によって生ずる。先天性と後天性に分けられるが、先天性尖足はまれである。 代表的なものは麻痺(まひ)性尖足と痙直(けいちょく)性尖足である。麻痺性尖足は腓骨(ひこつ)神経などの末梢(まっしょう)神経麻痺やポリオのほか、筋ジストロフィーなどの筋神経疾患によるものが多く、痙直性尖足は脳性小児麻痺や脳卒中後の片(へん)麻痺に伴ってみられる。 麻痺足に対しては良肢位固定装具を使って変形発生を予防することがたいせつである。尖足変形拘縮をおこしたものに対してはアキレス腱(けん)延長術や腱移行術などの手術療法が行われる。なお、先天性内反足にみられる尖足は、これに含めない。 [永井 隆] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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