An electron tube that amplifies microwaves by utilizing the mutual interference between an electron beam and a propagating electromagnetic wave. Electrons emitted from the cathode are accelerated by the anode and travel inside a metal spiral inside a long, thin vacuum glass tube. Meanwhile, microwaves applied to this spiral from the cathode side travel along the metal wire of the spiral, so the speed of the microwave electromagnetic field in the tube axis direction is slow. If the speed of this electromagnetic field and the electron beam are designed to be roughly the same, the electric field that accelerates the electrons always accelerates the electrons, and the electric field in the opposite direction always decelerates the electrons as they move forward, so that the electrons that leave the cathode at a constant density are successively divided into sparse and dense parts. In other words, the electrons are concentrated in front of the accelerating electric field or behind the decelerating electric field (because electrons have a negative charge, the direction of the microwave electric field and the direction of the electron acceleration are opposite). If the speed of the electron beam is adjusted to be slightly faster than the speed of the microwave electric field, the electrons will move against the decelerating electric field in front of them. As a result, the electrons lose their kinetic energy, imparting energy to the electromagnetic waves, and the amplified microwaves are output from the output terminal. The focusing coil applies a magnetic field in the axial direction of the tube to prevent the electron beam from dissipating. Also, if the gain is increased, stable amplification becomes impossible due to internal feedback, so a damping section (resistor) is provided on the outside of the spiral. (→Backward Wave Tube) Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
電子ビームと伝播電磁波との相互干渉を利用してマイクロ波の増幅を行わせる電子管。陰極から出た電子は陽極によって加速され,細長い真空ガラス管中の金属螺旋内を走る。一方,陰極側からこの螺旋に印加されたマイクロ波は螺旋の金属線に沿って進むので,マイクロ波電磁界の管軸方向の速度は遅くなっている。この電磁界と電子ビームの速度がだいたい同じになるように設計すると,電子を加速する電界は電子を常に加速し,逆方向の電界は電子を常に減速しながら進むので,一定密度で陰極を出た電子は次々に疎と密な部分に分けられる。言い換えると,加速電界の前方あるいは減速電界の後方に電子が密集する (電子は負の電荷をもっているので,マイクロ波電界の方向と電子の加速度の方向とは逆である) 。電子ビームの速度がマイクロ波電界の速度より少し速くなるように調節すると,電子はその前方にある減速電界に逆らって進むことになる。したがって,電子はその運動エネルギーを失い,電磁波にエネルギーを与え,増幅されたマイクロ波が出力端子から取出されることになる。なお,集束コイルによって管軸方向に磁界が加えられているのは,電子ビームの散逸を防ぐためである。また,利得を大きくすると,内部帰還のため安定な増幅が行えなくなるので,螺旋の外側に減衰部 (抵抗体) が設けられている。 (→後進波管 )
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