Judgment - Shinkyu

Japanese: 審級 - しんきゅう

In order to ensure fair trials, a system is in place where cases are repeatedly tried in courts of different levels, and the term refers to the order of trials between courts that is determined in such cases. In Japan, there are four levels of courts, but a three-tier system is in place for trials of cases, with three levels of courts recognized. In civil cases, the first instance is at the district court (if the amount claimed is 1.4 million yen or more) or the summary court (if the amount claimed is less than 1.4 million yen), and the second and third instances are at the high court and the Supreme Court, respectively, in the former, and the district and high court, respectively, in the latter. In criminal cases, the summary court, district court, and family court are the first instances, respectively, the second instance is at the high court, and the third instance is at the Supreme Court. In criminal cases, the first instance is at the high court, and the only appeal is to the Supreme Court for treason. In administrative cases, the first instance is at the district court, which is the same as the civil court level. In addition to the above, there are some special jurisdictions.
→ Related items remanded | Trial | Final judgment

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

正しい裁判のために，訴訟事件を異なった階級の裁判所で反復審理させる制度がとられるが，その場合に決められる裁判所間の審判における順序関係をいう。日本では，裁判所には４階級があるが，訴訟事件に関する審理の上では三審制度がとられ，三つの審級が認められている。民事訴訟では，第一審は地方裁判所（訴額140万円以上の場合）と簡易裁判所（140万円未満の場合）で，第二・三審は，前者ではそれぞれ高等裁判所および最高裁判所，後者ではそれぞれ地方および高等裁判所。刑事訴訟では，簡易・地方・家庭裁判所がそれぞれ第一審となり，第二審は高等裁判所，第三審は最高裁判所。なお刑事のうち内乱罪については，第一審が高等裁判所で，最高裁判所に上告できるのみ。行政事件訴訟では第一審を地方裁判所とする民事の審級と同じ。以上のほか若干の特別管轄がある。
→関連項目差戻し｜事実審｜終局判決

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