A type of oil lamp. A general term for lamps that have an oil dish placed on the bottom board, a square or round frame around it, and paper pasted on it to make a fire box, to prevent the light from being blown out or swinging around in the wind. The word "andon" is the Song pronunciation of "andon" (lantern), and was popularized by Zen masters during the Muromachi period to mean a portable lamp. At first, they were used as portable lighting devices with paper pasted on a square frame, an oil dish placed on the bottom, and a handle on top, but with the spread of candle-lighting hand candles and paper lanterns during the Edo period, the practice of carrying lanterns outdoors fell into disuse. However, instead of lighthouses, lanterns began to be used as stationary lighting devices indoors and elsewhere, and a wide variety of structures were created depending on the purpose. Hand-held lanterns include cylindrical fire-watching lanterns, storehouse lanterns made of iron mesh, and elegant alleyway lanterns made of iron with openwork carvings, while stationary lanterns include round, square, and natsume-shaped zashiki lanterns used to light rooms, as well as storefront lanterns placed in front of stores to be used as signs and advertisements. Ariake lanterns are a type of zashiki andon, a special type of lantern that is kept burning all night at the bedside of a bedroom. There are also kake andon, which are hung on pillars in zashiki rooms and corridors to provide lighting, jiguchi andon, which are hung at entrances, in front of stores, and at food stalls to serve as signs and advertisements, and jiguchi andon, which are hung on the approach to shrines and temples as a substitute for a lantern. Tsuri andon include those that have inherited the style of ancient tsuri lanterns, those that are like mawari lanterns, and the relatively bright large hachiken (happo) lanterns used in bathhouses, vaudeville halls, and izakayas. Tsuji andon were placed to light the streets, and the tasoya andon lanterns set up in the Yoshiwara pleasure quarters were also this type of street lamp. The average brightness of an andon was 0.2 to 0.5 candlepower, one-seventh the brightness of a modern 10-watt light bulb. The andon was the most widely used and important lighting device throughout the Edo period, but fell into disuse in the mid-Meiji period when lamps and other light sources came into widespread use. [Mizuo Miyamoto] "Lights: Their Types and Transitions" by Miyamoto Keitaro (1964, Rokuninsha) [Reference] |© Yoshiyasu Tanaka Main types of andon Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
油用灯火具の一種。底板に油皿(あぶらざら)を置き、その周囲に角形または丸形の枠をつくり、これに紙をはって火袋とし、灯火が風で消えたり、揺れ動くのを防ぐようにした灯火具の総称。「アンドン」の語は「行灯」の宋(そう)音で、室町時代に禅家によって広められ、携行用の灯火という意味で使われた。 初めは、角形の枠に紙をはり、底板に油皿を置き、上部に取っ手をつけ、携行用の灯火具として用いられたが、江戸時代に入ると、ろうそくをともす手燭(てしょく)、提灯(ちょうちん)が普及するに及んで、屋外に行灯を持ち歩くことは廃れた。しかし、灯台にかわって、行灯は、屋内その他に据え置く灯火具として使用されるようになり、用途にしたがって、構造も多種多様の型が生まれた。手提(てさげ)行灯には、筒形の火の見行灯のほか、鉄網(かなあみ)製の土蔵(どぞう)行灯、鉄製透彫りの風雅な路地行灯があり、置(おき)行灯には、座敷の照明に用いられた丸形、角形、なつめ形などの座敷行灯のほか、店先に置いて看板、広告に利用された店先行灯などがあった。有明(ありあけ)行灯も座敷行灯の一種で、寝室の枕元(まくらもと)などに終夜ともし続ける特殊の行灯である。また、掛(かけ)行灯には、座敷、廊下などの柱にかけて照明に用いるものや、玄関、店先、屋台などにかけて看板、広告に用いるもの、社寺の参道などにかけて灯籠(とうろう)がわりに用いる地口(じぐち)行灯などがある。釣(つり)行灯には、古来の釣灯籠の形式を受け継いだものや、回(まわり)灯籠のようなものをはじめ、湯屋、寄席(よせ)、居酒屋などで使用した比較的明るい大形の八間(はちけん)(八方(はっぽう))などがある。辻(つじ)行灯は街路の照明のために置かれたが、吉原遊廓(よしわらゆうかく)内に立てられていた誰也(たそや)行灯もこの種の街灯であった。 行灯の平均の明るさは0.2~0.5燭光(しょっこう)で、現在の10ワットの電球の7分の1の明るさであった。行灯は江戸時代を通じてもっとも多く使用された重要な灯火具であったが、ランプなどが広く使用されるようになった明治なかば以後、まったく廃れた。 [宮本瑞夫] 『宮本馨太郎著『燈火――その種類と変遷』(1964・六人社)』 [参照項目] |©田中淑安"> 行灯のおもな種類 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
<<: Andon jellyfish - Andon jellyfish
Kabuki Kyogen. Historical piece. Four acts. Writte...
A fish of the family Osmeridae (illustration) in t...
…He was born into an aristocratic family in Milan...
…Also known as "Satomoyo Azami no Ironui (Fl...
A samurai family from the Heian to Nanboku-cho per...
During the Pacific War, students and pupils were ...
GDP stands for Geodynamics Project. It was a long-...
1410‐96 Sultan (of Circassian descent) who was the...
...First, the Proletkrit was the parent organizat...
...Even in cases where the birth room was under o...
Circularity is the amount of deviation of a circul...
...It was supported by the idea of intimidation...
...He published two books, "SD" (abbrev...
1071‐1126 He was one of the medieval French nobles...
A commercial and industrial city in southern Texas...