Seminary - Shingakko (English spelling) seminary

Japanese: 神学校 - しんがっこう(英語表記)seminary
Seminary - Shingakko (English spelling) seminary

A school that teaches Christian theology and trains church leaders (priests, pastors, theology teachers, etc.). The oldest seminaries date back to the catechesis schools (educational facilities for preparing for baptism) in ancient cities such as Alexandria at the end of the 2nd century. In the Middle Ages, monastic schools played this role. Many modern European universities developed from these schools. Nowadays, the theology departments of universities often take on the role of seminaries. In contrast, many independent seminaries were born as a result of the religious awakening movements in Protestant denominations. These include the Pietism movement in continental Europe in the 17th century, the Methodist movement in England in the 18th century, and the Great Awakening (renewal movement) in American Puritanism at the same time. After that, seminaries were established all over the world as a result of the missionary activities of each denomination.

In Japan, the first seminary was a seminary (1580) established in Arima, Kyushu, by the Jesuit missionary Valignano, but details of its establishment are unknown. After the Meiji period, theological education was provided at English academies run by Protestant missionaries in various regions, such as Hepburn, Rose, and Brown. Eventually, many seminaries and theology departments of Christian universities (Christian schools) were established under their guidance and influence. By 1909 (Meiji 42), 17 seminaries and theology departments (excluding women's seminaries) had been established, including Doshisha Theological Seminary (now the Theological Department of Doshisha University), Tokyo Ichi Theological Seminary (formerly Meiji Gakuin Theological Department and Japan Theological Seminary, and now Tokyo Theological University), Sendai Theological Seminary (formerly Tohoku Gakuin Theological Department and Japan Theological Seminary, and now Tokyo Theological University), and Kansai Gakuin Theological Department (now the Theological Department of Kwansei Gakuin University). As of 2000, there are approximately 120 seminaries, and 18 faculties of theology, departments of theology, and departments of Christian studies at general universities other than seminaries.

[Shinji Kanai]

[References] | Christian theology | Theology | Revival movement | Seminario | Tokyo Theological Seminary | Valignano | Methodist

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

キリスト教の神学を教授し、教会の指導者(司祭、牧師、神学教師など)を養成するための学校。最古の神学校は2世紀末ごろのアレクサンドリアなど古代都市におけるカテケシス学校(教理学校。洗礼準備のための教育施設)にまでさかのぼる。中世では修道院学校がその任を果たした。ヨーロッパの近代的大学の多くはここから発展したものである。現在は大学の神学部が神学校の機能を担っている場合も多い。これに対して、独立の神学校の多くは、プロテスタント(新教)諸教派における信仰覚醒(かくせい)運動の結果として生まれた。17世紀ヨーロッパ大陸の敬虔(けいけん)主義運動、18世紀イギリスのメソジスト運動、同時期のアメリカのピューリタニズムにおける「大覚醒」運動(信仰復興運動)などである。その後、各教派の宣教活動に伴い、世界各地に神学校が設立された。

 日本では、イエズス会士・巡察使バリニャーノによって九州有馬(ありま)に設立されたセミナリオ(1580)が最初の神学校であるが、その詳細は不明である。明治以後は、ヘボン塾、バラ塾、ブラウン塾などプロテスタント宣教師が各地に主宰する英学塾で神学教育が行われた。やがてその指導・影響下に多くの神学校、キリスト教主義大学(クリスチャンスクール)神学部が生まれた。同志社神学校(現在は同志社大学神学部)、東京一致神学校(明治学院神学部、日本神学校を経て現在は東京神学大学)、仙台神学校(東北学院神学部、日本神学校を経て現在は東京神学大学)、関西(かんせい)学院神学部(現在は関西学院大学神学部)など、1909年(明治42)までに17の神学校・神学部(女子神学校は除く)が設立された。2000年(平成12)現在、神学校数は約120、神学校以外の一般大学の神学部、神学科、キリスト教学科の数は18である。

[金井新二]

[参照項目] | キリスト教神学 | 神学 | 信仰復興運動 | セミナリオ | 東京神学大学 | バリニャーノ | メソジスト派

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