A zirconium-tin alloy developed as a fuel cladding material for light water power reactors. There are several types, but Zircaloy, which is used as the fuel cladding tube of boiling water reactors, is zirconium with approximately 1.5% tin, 0.12% iron, 0.1% chromium, and 0.05% nickel added, while Zircaloy-4 is zirconium with 1.5% tin, 0.15% iron, and 0.10% chromium added. This is to prevent zirconium from corroding due to nitrogen. The raw zirconium is of high purity, called reactor grade, and is particularly sensitive to the presence of hafnium. Zirconium is used in reactor materials because it absorbs thermal neutrons less, whereas hafnium absorbs them more. Therefore, hafnium is thoroughly removed by solvent extraction, ion exchange, etc., before zirconium smelting (→ Chlor process). Recently, new alloys for high burnup have been developed with the aim of achieving higher properties. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
軽水型動力用原子炉の燃料被覆材として開発されたジルコニウム-スズ系合金。数種あるが,沸騰水型原子炉の燃料被覆管として用いられているジルカロイは,ジルコニウムにスズ約 1.5%,鉄 0.12%,クロム 0.1%,ニッケル 0.05%が添加されており,ジルカロイ-4の組成はジルコニウムにスズ 1.5%,鉄 0.15%,クロム 0.10%が添加されている。これは窒素によるジルコニウムの腐食を抑えるためである。原料ジルコニウムはリアクター級と呼ばれる高純度のもので,特にハフニウムの存在を嫌う。ジルコニウムが原子炉材に使われるのは熱中性子吸収が少いためであるのに,ハフニウムはそれが大きいからである。それでジルコニウム製錬 (→クロル法 ) の前段階でハフニウムは溶媒抽出法,イオン交換法などにより徹底的に除去される。最近では,より高い特性を目指し,高燃焼度用の新合金の開発が進められている。
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