Born: December 31, 1952, Gisborne, New Zealand
[Died] September 6, 2020. Nashville, Tennessee, United States Vaughan Jones. New Zealand mathematician. Full name Vaughan Frederick Randal Jones. He received the Fields Medal in 1990 for his work on operator algebras and knot theory. He received his doctorate from the University of Geneva in 1979. He became a professor at the University of California, Berkeley in 1985. He was awarded the Fields Medal at the International Congress of Mathematicians held in Kyoto in 1990. Jones studied the classification of divisors in operator algebras, and in the process discovered a polynomial invariant of knots. A knot is obtained by closing both ends of a braid. Jones used operator algebras to define a trace on the braid group, and used this to define the invariant of a knot. This invariant was later extended to a two-variable polynomial invariant, and it was revealed that the classical Alexander polynomials can also be viewed as a specialization of it. Jones invariants have the advantage of being able to distinguish between knots and their mirror images, and while they have been applied to knot theory, they have also given rise to new research areas such as statistical mechanics, conformal field theory, and their connection to quantum groups. His publications include "Actions of Finite Groups on the Hyperfinite Type II 1 Factor" (1980), "Subfactors and Knots" (1991), and "Coxeter Graphs and Towers of Algebras" (1989), co-authored with Frederick M. Goodman and Pierre de la Harpe. Jones
Jones, James Earl Born January 17, 1931, Arkhabara, Mississippi. American actor. He gained attention as a stage actor, and has appeared in many television shows and films since the 1970s. His father (actor Robert Earl Jones) left home before he was born, so he spent most of his childhood living with his grandparents in Michigan. He majored in drama at the University of Michigan. He made his off-Broadway debut in 1957, and performed at the New York Shakespeare Festival, led by Joseph Papp, from 1961 to 1973. He won a Tony Award for his leading role in "The Great White Hope" (1968), a play based on the tragic life of Jack Johnson, the first black boxer to become a heavyweight champion. He later starred in the film adaptation of "The Boxer" (1970). He starred in Shakespeare's play "Othello" from 1981 to 1982, and received high praise. He made his film debut in Dr. Strangelove (1964), and went on to star in a number of hit films, including Tom Clancy's popular series The Hunt for Red October (1990), Patriot Games (1992), and Clear and Present Danger (1994). But he is probably best known for his role as the voice of the villain Darth Vader in the Star Wars film series (1977). Jones
Jones, Marion Born October 12, 1975, Los Angeles, California. Marion Jones. American athlete. She showed early talent in track and field, and competed in international competitions at age 12. She was also an excellent basketball player in high school, and was named the California Division I Player of the Year in 1993. She then enrolled at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill on a basketball scholarship. After graduating in 1997, she focused on track and field. At the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games, she won gold medals in the 100m (10.75 seconds), 200m (21.84 seconds), and 1600m relay (3 minutes 22.62 seconds), as well as bronze medals in the long jump and 400m relay, becoming the first woman to win five track and field medals in a single tournament. She was suspected of using steroids for a long time, and tested positive for banned substances in 2006, but was later cleared of suspicion in a follow-up test. In 2007, however, he admitted to lying when he denied using drugs during a federal doping investigation and revealed that he had used anabolic steroids. In November 2007, the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) erased all of Jones' records, including his Olympic titles, from September 2000 onwards. In January 2008, he was sentenced to six months in prison for lying to federal investigators about his steroid use and for participating in a testing fraud scheme. Jones
Jones, Leroi Born: October 7, 1934, Newark, New Jersey. An American black poet and playwright. Graduated from Howard University. His works include the poetry collection Preface to a Twenty Volume Suicide Note (1961), Black Magic (69), the critique Blues People: Negro Music in White America (63), which traces jazz in the context of American social history, Home (66), A Black Value System (70), and the plays Dutchman (64) and The Slave (65, 2nd International Arts Festival Award). Since the 1960s, he has taken the African name Imamu Amiri Baraka and has been known for his fierce and combative stance against racial issues as a Black Power fighter. Jones
Jones, Daniel Born: September 12, 1881, London
[Died] December 4, 1967, London. British phonetician of Welsh descent. Graduated from Cambridge University in 1903. Lecturer in phonetics at the University of London in 1907. Professor there from 1921 to 1949. After retirement, became professor emeritus. Served as president of the International Phonetic Society from 1950 to 1967. He described and explained English pronunciation in works such as The Pronunciation of English (1909), An English Pronouncing Dictionary (17), and An Outline of English Phonetics (18), and had a great influence on English studies, phonetics, and English education in Japan. His view of phonology is summarized in The Phoneme; Its Nature and Use (50). He is also known for establishing the basic vowels. Jones
Jones, Inigo Born: July 19, 1573, London
Died June 21, 1652, London. British architect and stage designer. Little is known about his training, but he went to Italy around 1603 to study painting and stage design. After returning to England, he designed costumes for the royal court, directed masked plays, and introduced the use of framed stages, perspective backgrounds, revolving screens to represent scene changes, and other techniques, making a great contribution to the British theater world. In 1613-14, he went to Italy again to study Palladianism. After returning to England, he was appointed Royal Superintendent of Buildings by James I, and introduced the Palladian style to England, opening up a new era in British architecture. His major works include Queen's House (completed in 1635, now the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich), the Banqueting Hall (19-22, London), and Covent Garden (30, London). Jones
Jones, Sir William Born: September 28, 1746, London
[Died] April 27, 1794, Calcutta. British jurist and Indologist. Founded the Asiatic Society of Bengal (84) during his stay in India as a judge of the Calcutta High Court (1783-94). Well versed in many languages, he studied the similarities between Sanskrit, Latin, and Greek, and in 1786 established the hypothesis of a mother tongue in Indo-European comparative linguistics. This year is considered the starting point of modern linguistics. He also introduced and examined classical Sanskrit literature, and is considered a pioneer of Indology. He published English translations of Kalidasa's play Shakuntala (89) and the Laws of Manu (94). His main works include Digest of Hindu Laws and Persian Grammar. He made a great contribution to introducing Indian culture to Europe. Jones
Jones, John Paul Born: July 6, 1747. Kirkcudbride, Kirkbean
[Died] July 18, 1792. Paris. A naval officer during the American Revolution. During the War of Independence, he commanded a frigate in the US Navy, commanding battles in the Atlantic Ocean from Nova Scotia to Bermuda, and in English waters. In 1775, he demonstrated his skill in commanding aboard the Alfred, and on September 23, 1779, he commanded the Bonhomme Richard off the east coast of England, fighting and capturing the British ship Serapis, bringing about the first major victory in the history of American naval warfare. He then fled to Texel in the Netherlands, commanding the Alliance and breaking through the heavy siege of the British fleet. In 1788, he was invited to Russia under the rule of Catherine II (the Great), where he participated in the war against Turkey and commanded a cruiser in the Black Sea, which drew criticism. Jones
Jones, Richard Born: 1790. Tunbridge Wells, near London
Died January 26, 1855. Heyberry British economist. He studied theology at Cambridge University, graduating in 1816. He studied economics while working as a clergyman. In 1831, he published his major work, An Essay on the Distribution of Wealth and on the Sources of Taxation. In 1833, he became professor of political economy at King's College, and in 1835, succeeding TR Malthus as professor of political economy and history at East India College. He was the first to clarify the historicity of the capitalist economic structure, and criticized Ricardo, who viewed capitalism as absolute. In the latter half of his life, he devoted himself to work in the public sector, such as the Tithes Committee. Jones
Jones, Robert Edmond Born December 12, 1887 in Milton, New Hampshire
[Died] November 26, 1954. Milton, New Hampshire. American set designer. After graduating from Harvard University in 1910, he worked on stage sets in New York. He went to Europe and studied under M. Reinhardt and others. After returning to Japan, he contributed to symbolic stage productions that broke away from realism. In particular, he worked with E. O'Neill to produce masterpieces such as Desire Under the Elms (1924) and Electra in Mourning (31). His books include Continental Stagecraft (1922), co-written with K. McGowan, and The Dramatic Imagination (41). Jones
Jones, Sir Harold Spencer Born: March 29, 1890, London
[Died] November 3, 1960. London. British astronomer. After graduating from Cambridge University, he worked at the Greenwich Observatory and the Royal Observatory in South Africa. He was the 10th Director of the Greenwich Observatory (1933). He made great efforts to determine the fundamental constants of astronomy more accurately. Based on the observation of the close approach of the asteroid Eros in 1931, he calculated the solar parallax (41), and from the result he announced that the distance to the Sun was approximately 149 million km (42). For this achievement he was knighted in 1943. He was also involved in geophysical research, and is known for his research on the Earth's rotation and geomagnetism. He received the Gold Medal from the Royal Astronomical Society and the Royal Medal from the Royal Society. Jones
Jones, Bobby Born March 17, 1902 in Atlanta, Georgia
[Died] December 18, 1971, Atlanta, Georgia American amateur golfer and lawyer. His real name was Robert Tyre Jones, Jr. Known as the "Saint of Golf," he won 13 championships in the four amateur and open championships in the UK and the US between 1923 and 1930. In particular, in 1930 he achieved the first "Grand Slam" in golf history, monopolizing all four titles, and played a major role in the rise of American golf today. After his retirement in 1934, he founded Augusta National Golf Course in Augusta, Georgia, and worked hard to host the Masters Tournament, the most prestigious tournament in golf. Jones
Jones, James Born November 6, 1921 in Robinson, Illinois
[Died] May 9, 1977, Southampton, New York. American novelist. His epic From Here to Eternity (1951), a stark portrayal of the inner workings of the military set in Hawaii on the eve of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, caused a sensation and made him one of the controversial writers of the post-World War II era. His other works include Some Came Running (57), The Pistol (59), and the collection of short stories The Ice-Cream Headache and Other Stories (68). Jones
Jones, Anson Born January 20, 1798 in Great Banlington, Massachusetts
[Died] January 9, 1858. Houston, Texas. The last president of the Republic of Texas (1837-45), which separated from Mexico (in office 44-45). In 1833, he moved to Brazoria, Texas, and became a leader in the Texas pioneer community. He was one of the leading advocates of Texas independence from Mexico. He was elected to the Texas Legislature from Brazoria County in 1837-38, and served as President of the Republic of Texas in December 1844. On July 4, 1845, Texas decided to join the United States, and on January 16, 1846, he handed over his office to his successor, Texas Governor J. Henderson. Jones
Johns, Jasper Born: May 15, 1930, Augusta, Georgia. American painter. Studied at the University of South Carolina, and stayed in Japan as a soldier in the occupying forces after World War II. Lived in New York from 1952. While earning a living through displays at Tiffany & Co., he attracted attention in 1958 with paintings depicting stars and stripes, targets, numbers, and other subjects. He also produced bronze works that accurately replicate real beer cans, with the relationship between objects and vision as a motif. Along with R. Rauschenberg, he is considered one of the leading American artists of post-Abstract Expressionism. His signature work is "Flags" (1955, Museum of Modern Art, New York). Jones
Jones, Henry Arthur Born: 20 September 1851, Grandborough, Buckinghamshire
[died] January 7, 1929, London. British playwright. He gained popularity with the melodrama The Silver King (1882), then turned to more serious themes, such as Michael and His Lost Angel (96), for which he was praised on a par with Pinero. His most famous work is Mrs. Dane's Defence (1900). Jones
Jones, Margo Born: December 12, 1913 in Livingston, Texas
[Died] July 25, 1955. Dallas American director. After studying at the Southwestern School of Drama in Dallas, he was involved in community theater and university theater in Houston. In 1945, he built an amphitheater in Dallas, where he performed experimental works, including early plays by T. Williams. His major work is Theatre in the Round (1951). Jones
Jones, Eli Stanley Born: January 3, 1884.
[Died] 1973
American Methodist missionary. After studying at Ayresbury College, he traveled to India as a missionary in 1907. He established a unique training center called an ashram in India and introduced it to the United States. Since 1949, he has visited Japan several times to carry out missionary work. His main work is Christ on Indian Road (1925). Jones
Jones, Jacob Born: March 1768, Smyrna, Delaware
[Died] August 3, 1850, Philadelphia. American naval officer. Captain of the sloop Wasp during the 1812 War of 1812, he defeated the British warship Frolick (October 18, 1812) and became a national hero. He served as commander of the U.S. Mediterranean Fleet from 1821 to 1823, and as commander of the Pacific Fleet from 1826 to 1829. Jones
Jones, Hilary Pollard Born November 14, 1863 in Hanover, Virginia.
[Died] January 1, 1939, Washington, DC
American naval officer. Participated in the Spanish-American War, promoted to rear admiral in 1917. Commanded the Atlantic Cruiser Squadron during World War I. Served as commander-in-chief of the U.S. Fleet from 1922 to 1923. Served as Secretary of the Navy in 1923. Attended the Geneva Naval Disarmament Conference as the U.S. representative in 1927. Jones
Jones, Owen Born: February 15, 1809, London
[Died] April 19, 1874. London. British designer and architect. Studied at the Royal Academy. Appointed director of works at the Great Exhibition in 1851, and director of decoration at the Crystal Palace in 1852. His major works include The Grammar of Ornament (1856). Jones
Jones, Joseph Stevens Born: September 28, 1809, Boston
[Died] December 29, 1877. Boston. American actor and playwright. Many of his works depicted the character and temperament of Yankees, and his most famous work is The Silver Spoon (1852). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
