Retention of ownership

Japanese: 所有権留保 - しょゆうけんりゅうほ

In a sales contract, the seller promises to reserve ownership of the object of the sale until a certain time, such as when the purchase price is paid in full. For example, this is often done in the case of installment sales of automobiles. This is done to ensure the payment of the purchase price, and while the ownership is reserved, the buyer can use and profit from the object, but cannot dispose of it. Furthermore, a seller who has reserved ownership is protected even in the event of forced execution or bankruptcy. Furthermore, if the contract is terminated due to the payment of the purchase price, the seller can immediately recover the object. However, the purpose of the reservation of ownership is to secure the payment claim, and in situations unrelated to this purpose, the buyer may be treated as the true owner. In other words, precedent has stated that the seller is not obligated to pay compensation for a traffic accident caused by a car while the ownership is reserved (Supreme Court decision, 1971.1.26, Minshu, Vol. 25, No. 1, 126). The Installment Sales Act stipulates that there is a reservation of ownership in installment sales contracts for products to which the Act applies (Article 7), and has various provisions regarding such contracts. The Real Estate Transaction Business Law also adds provisions regarding the retention of ownership in real estate sales made by real estate agents themselves through installment sales contracts (Article 43).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

売買契約で売主が代金完済など一定時期まで売買目的物の所有権を留保する旨約すること。たとえば自動車などの割賦販売の場合に多く行われる。代金の支払いを確保するために行われるもので，所有権が留保されている間は，買主は目的物を使用収益することはできても処分することはできない。そして強制執行や破産の際でも所有権を留保している売主は保護される。さらにまた，代金支払いを理由に契約が解除された場合，売主はただちに目的物を回収できる。もっとも，所有権留保は代金債権担保の目的で行われるのであり，この目的と関係がない場面では買主が真の所有者として取扱われることがありうる。すなわち，判例は所有権留保中の自動車による交通事故につき，売主は賠償義務を負わないとしている (最判 1971.1.26.民集 25巻1号 126) 。なお割賦販売法は同法の適用ある商品の割賦販売契約については所有権留保があるものと規定し (7条) ，それらの契約につき種々の規定をおいている。また宅地建物取引業法も宅地建物取引業者がみずからする割賦販売契約による宅地建物分譲での所有権留保について規定を加えている (43条) 。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

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