Ordination is a Catholic term referring to the conferment of a rank on a clergyman, and the ceremony is called ordination. There are four ranks: priest, deacon, subdeacon (three higher ranks), acolyte, exorcist, reader, and gatekeeper (four lower ranks). Receiving these ranks is called a grade, and is ordained by a bishop. The most important of these is the ordination of a priest (which includes a bishop as a priest with full authority). The authority that a priest (especially a bishop) receives through ordination is considered to be the succession of the authority that Christ gave to the Twelve Apostles, and it has traditionally been understood to be inherited by the laying on of hands. In addition to this, a set prayer is required for the ordination ceremony. The Latin word ordinatio means ordo, meaning to give a rank, but it has come to be used as a translation of the Greek word Cheirotonia (laying on of hands). Protestant churches call the equivalent of ordination the laying on of hands, but unlike the Catholic Church, they do not consider it a sacrament and have a different understanding of the duties and powers of the priesthood. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
叙品ともいい聖職者にその品級を授けることをいうカトリック用語で,その式が叙階式である。品級には司祭,助祭,副助祭 (上級三段) ,侍祭,祓魔師,読師,守門 (下級四段) の各段階がある。これらの品級を受けることを受階といい,叙階するのは司教である。叙階中最も重要なのは司祭 (このうちには完全な権能を有する司祭としての司教が含まれる) の叙階である。叙階によって司祭 (特に司教) が受ける権能は,十二使徒にキリストが与えた権能を受継ぐものとされ,それは按手によって継受されると伝統的に理解されている。叙階式には,このほか定まった祈りが必要とされる。 ordinatioというラテン語は ordoすなわち品級を与える意であるが,ギリシア語の Cheirotonia (按手) の訳語として用いられるようになった。プロテスタントの教会は叙階にあたるものを按手礼と呼ぶが,カトリック教会と異なりこれを秘跡とはみなさず,聖職の職務,権能についても異なった理解に立つ。
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