Also known as the Antitrust Act, this refers to the American system of antitrust law. There is a historical reason why American antitrust law came to be called "antitrust law." In the United States, after the Civil War, large corporations were rapidly established, and monopolies were established in many fields, including oil, railroads, and sugar, but many of these monopolies took the form of "trusts." For example, in the case of the Standard Oil Trust, each Standard group company entrusted its own shares to a "board of trustees," and this board exercised the voting rights based on these shares to control and manage each company. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
反トラスト法ともいい,アメリカの独占禁止法制のことである。アメリカの独占禁止法が〈反トラスト法〉とよばれるに至ったことについては,歴史的理由がある。アメリカでは,南北戦争後急速に大企業体制が確立し,石油,鉄道,砂糖その他多くの分野において独占が成立したが,これらの独占は〈信託trust〉の形態をとるものが多かった。すなわち,スタンダード石油トラストを例にとると,スタンダード系各社が自己の株式を〈受託者評議会board of trustees〉に信託し,この評議会がこれらの株式に基づく議決権を行使して,各社を支配管理するという方式が用いられた。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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