Jokyo calendar

Japanese: 貞享暦 - じょうきょうれき
Jokyo calendar

One of the Japanese calendars. In Japan, since the "Senmei calendar" introduced from China was implemented in 861 (Jogan 3), the discrepancy with the celestial phenomena reached two days over the course of more than 800 years. Shibukawa Harumi (Yasuhi Harumi) created the "Yamato calendar" based on his own measurements, modeled on the "Juji calendar" of the Yuan Dynasty in China. He requested three calendar revisions, and in 1685 (Jokyo 2) the calendar was revised to the Yamato calendar. This is the Jokyo calendar, and calendars compiled using this calendar method are also called by that name. The Jokyo calendar adopted the annual growth and decline method of the Shouji calendar, and used the imperial capital of Kyoto as the base of calculation. Previously, calendars introduced from China were adopted as is, but the Jokyo calendar was groundbreaking in that it was the first calendar created by a Japanese person to be adapted to the Japanese land. 70 years after it was implemented, it was replaced by the Horeki calendar.

[Toshio Watanabe]

[Reference] | Shibukawa Shunkai | Shoji Calendar

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

日本の暦法の一つ。日本では、中国伝来の「宣明(せんみょう)暦」が861年(貞観3)施行されて以来、800有余年を経て天象との相違が2日にも達した。渋川春海(しぶかわはるみ)(保井(やすい)春海)は中国元朝の「授時(じゅじ)暦」に範をとり、自らの実測に基づき「大和暦(やまとれき)」をつくった。三度改暦を上請し、1685年(貞享2)大和暦により改暦された。これが貞享暦であり、その暦法によって編纂(へんさん)された暦書もその名でよぶ。貞享暦は授時暦の歳実消長法を取り入れ、皇都京都を立算地とした。従来は中国伝来の暦法をそのまま採用したが、貞享暦に至って初めて日本人の手になる日本の地に適応した暦法が採用された点で画期的であった。施行されること70年で「宝暦(ほうれき)暦」にかわった。

[渡辺敏夫]

[参照項目] | 渋川春海 | 授時暦

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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