This is a method of artificially ventilating a patient who has stopped breathing or has severe respiratory dysfunction due to some cause. There are two types of artificial respiration: applying positive pressure to the airway when inhaling, and applying negative pressure. In either case, exhalation occurs automatically using the elasticity of the lungs and rib cage. Most artificial respiration methods currently in use are the former method, and include the "breathing air method," as well as methods using a bag, anesthesia machines, and artificial ventilators. As for negative pressure methods, there is the "iron lung," in which the patient is placed in an airtight box from the neck down and artificial respiration is performed by creating negative pressure inside the box, but this method is rarely used nowadays. [Toshiki Kataoka] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
なんらかの原因によって呼吸停止、高度の呼吸機能障害をきたした患者に対して、人工的に換気を行う方法をいう。人工呼吸法は、吸気時に気道内に陽圧をかけて行う方法と、陰圧をかけて行う方法があるが、いずれの場合も呼気は肺および胸郭の弾性を利用して自動的に行われる。現在用いられている人工呼吸法のほとんどは前者の方法であり、「呼気吹き込み法」のほか、バッグを用いて行う方法、麻酔器、人工呼吸器を用いて行う方法などがある。陰圧による方法としては、頸部(けいぶ)から下を気密箱内に入れ、箱の内を陰圧にすることによって人工呼吸を行う「鉄の肺」があるが、現在ではほとんど用いられていない。 [片岡敏樹] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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