Disability pension - shougainenkin

A pension is paid to an insured person according to the severity of a disability that remains after recovery from illness or injury while he or she is enrolled in the pension system or before reaching the age of 20.

Previously, the contents of each pension system, such as the National Pension and Employees' Pension Insurance, were different, but they were significantly revised with the passage of the New National Pension Act in 1986 (Showa 61) based on the Basic Pension Concept. The pension amount was revised again after that, and as of 2011 (Heisei 23), National Pension subscribers are paid a Disability Basic Pension (986,100 yen per year for Class 1, 788,900 yen for Class 2, with an additional child allowance of 227,000 yen per child up to the second child, and 75,600 yen per child for the third child and onwards), and other pensions are based on this amount. For example, in the case of Employees' Pension Insurance subscribers, in addition to the above Disability Basic Pension, Class 1 is supplemented with a Disability Employees' Pension of (salary-proportional pension amount x 1.25) + (spouse's additional pension amount), Class 2 is supplemented with (salary-proportional pension amount) + (spouse's additional pension amount), and Class 3 is supplemented with only the salary-proportional pension amount. However, in order to receive disability pension, one must meet the prescribed insurance premium payment requirements.

However, there are several issues with the current system, such as the problem of disabled people without pensions (people who are not entitled to disability pensions even if they are disabled because they have not enrolled in a pension system or have not paid their insurance premiums) and a lack of clarity in the standards and application methods for disability certification.

[Kyokazu Shirasawa and Hiroyuki Kotani]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

年金制度に加入している間または20歳になるまでに、病気やけがをして治癒したのちも一定の障害が残ったとき、その程度に応じて被保険者に支給される年金。

　以前は国民年金、厚生年金保険などの各年金制度ごとに内容が異なっていたが、基礎年金構想に基づき、1986年（昭和61）の新国民年金法などの成立によって大幅に改正された。その後も年金額は改定され、2011年（平成23）時点で、国民年金加入者には障害基礎年金（年間で1級98万6100円、2級78万8900円。子の加算として、子の数によって第2子まで1人につき22万7000円、第3子以降は1人につき7万5600円が加算される）が支給され、ほかの年金もこの額を基礎としている。たとえば厚生年金加入者の場合は、以上の障害基礎年金の保障のほかに、障害厚生年金として1級では（報酬比例の年金額×1.25）＋（配偶者の加給年金額）が、2級では（報酬比例の年金額）＋（配偶者の加給年金額）が上乗せされ、3級では報酬比例の年金額のみが上乗せされる。しかし、障害年金の支給を受けるためには、所定の保険料納付要件を満たしていることが条件になっている。

　なお、現行の制度については、無年金障害者（年金の未加入や保険料の未納のために、たとえ障害者に該当しても障害年金の受給権がない）問題や、障害認定の基準や適用方法などが明確さを欠くなど、いくつかの課題がある。

［白沢久一・小谷浩之］

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