Reef

Japanese: 礁 - しょう
Reef

A rock that protrudes slightly from the seabed, underwater, or above the sea surface. Fishermen often use such places as fishing reefs because the topography disturbs the seawater, making them good fishing grounds. However, they are dangerous for sailors, so it is important not to approach these reefs, those that protrude above the water surface are called open reefs and those that are below the water surface are called submerged reefs. Some reefs are made up of the remains of coral organisms. Reefs are formed for a variety of reasons, including when hard rocks resist erosion by waves, when underwater volcanoes grow, when the ground rises, and when coral attaches and grows.

[Yoshinori Toyoshima]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

海底、海中、あるいは海面上にわずかに突き出ている岩。漁業者にとっては、このような場所は地形の影響によって海水が擾乱(じょうらん)され良好な漁場となるため、魚礁として利用することが多い。しかし、航海する立場からは危険な存在であるので、水面上に突き出ているものを顕礁(けんしょう)、水面下のものを暗礁とよび、これらの礁に近づかないことが肝要である。礁のなかには、サンゴ虫の遺骸(いがい)によって構成されるサンゴ礁も含まれる。礁の形成は、硬い岩石が波の侵食に抗して残存した場合、海底火山の成長、地盤の隆起、サンゴの付着や成育などさまざまな成因が考えられる。

[豊島吉則]

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