Murat, Joachim

Japanese: ミュラ(英語表記)Murat, Joachim
Murat, Joachim
Born: March 25, 1767. Lot, Labastide
[Died] October 13, 1815. Pizzo, Calabria. French military officer. Brother-in-law of Napoleon I. He assisted Napoleon in the attack by the Royalists on 13th Vendémiaire in 1795, and made a name for himself in the Italian Wars and the Egyptian campaign. After returning to France, he assisted Napoleon again in the coup of 18th Brumaire, and married Napoleon's sister Caroline in 1800. In the same year, he distinguished himself in the Battle of Marengo, and in 1804, he became a marshal when Napoleon became emperor. From 1808 to 1815, he became King of Naples under the name Joachim Napoleon. He participated in the Spanish campaign in 1808 and the Russian campaign in 1812. After the defeat at the Battle of Leipzig, he allied with Austria to protect his own throne, and abandoned Napoleon. After Napoleon's downfall, he was ignored by the great powers, and so when Napoleon escaped from Elba in 1815, he supported him during the Hundred Days, but after his defeat at Trentino by the Austrians, he abandoned Naples and fled to France. After the Battle of Waterloo, he fled to Corsica, from where he tried to land in southwestern Italy but failed. He was captured at Pizzo in Calabria and executed by firing squad.

Murat
Myra

Demre is an ancient city in Lycia, located at the mouth of the Andriac River and an important seaport. It is now in Turkey. Paul sailed from here to Rome. At the western foot of the Acropolis are numerous cliff-cut tombs from the 5th to 3rd centuries BC, which show a mixture of Greek and indigenous styles. Lycian inscriptions have also been excavated. It flourished during the Roman Empire, and was made the capital of Lycia by Theodosius II, but was captured by the caliph Harun al-Rashid in 808. The ruins of the Roman theater are the largest in Asia Minor.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1767.3.25. ロット,ラバスティッド
[没]1815.10.13. カラブリア,ピッツォ
フランスの軍人。ナポレオン1世の義弟。 1795年バンデミエール 13日の王党派の襲撃にあたってナポレオンを助け,次いでイタリア戦争,エジプト遠征で名をあげた。帰国後,ブリュメール十八日のクーデターで再びナポレオンを助け,1800年ナポレオンの妹カロリーヌと結婚。同年マレンゴの戦いで軍功をあげ,04年ナポレオンが皇帝となったとき元帥となった。 08~15年ジョアシェン・ナポレオンと称しナポリ王位についた。 08年スペイン,12年ロシア遠征に参加。ライプチヒの戦いの敗北後,自分の王位を守るためにオーストリアと同盟を結び,ナポレオンを見放した。ナポレオンの失脚後,列強に無視されたため,15年ナポレオンがエルバ島を脱出するや,「百日天下」では彼を支持し,トレンティノでオーストリア軍に敗れ,ナポリを捨ててフランスに逃れた。ワーテルローの戦い後コルシカに逃れ,そこからイタリア南西部に上陸を試みて失敗し,カラブリアのピッツォで捕えられ,銃殺刑に処せられた。

ミュラ
Myra

リュキアの古代都市。アンドリアクス河口に位置し,重要な海港。現トルコのデムレ。パウロはここから海路ローマへ向った。アクロポリスの西麓には前5~3世紀の多数の磨崖の墳墓があり,ギリシア様式と土着様式の折衷を示す。またリュキア語の碑文も出土している。ローマ帝国時代に栄え,テオドシウス2世により,リュキアの首都とされたが,808年カリフのハールーン・アッラシードに攻略された。ローマ帝政期の劇場遺跡は小アジア最大のものである。

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