Junbu - Junbu

Japanese: 巡撫 - じゅんぶ

The Ming and Qing dynasties began with local governors who were sent to the provinces on a temporary basis at the beginning of the Ming era (1391 or 1411) and toured the provinces. In the late Ming, they became permanent local officials, and the Qing followed suit, with one governor per province, becoming a full-fledged local governor. The governors, who followed a similar process, were in charge of military and civil affairs for two or three provinces, while the governors were mainly in charge of civil affairs for one province. In the Qing dynasty, there were eight governors and 16 governors, and the governors were one rank higher than the governors, but there was no subordinate relationship between them. However, later on, the governors became like deputies to the governors. During the Guangxu period in the late Qing, the governors of provinces where the governors were stationed were abolished, and the governors of provinces where the governors were not stationed were made independent, so both became like the heads of their respective provinces. The abbreviated name for both is "Tokubu."

Source: Obunsha World History Dictionary, Third Edition About Obunsha World History Dictionary, Third Edition

Japanese:

明〜清代の地方長官名
明の初め（1391または1411），臨時に地方に派遣し巡行させたのに始まる。明末期は常駐の地方官となり，清もこれにならって１省に１巡撫を置き，完全な地方長官となった。同様の経過をたどった総督が２・３省の軍事・民政を司ったのに対し，巡撫はおもに１省の民政を司った。清代には８総督・16巡撫があり，総督は巡撫の１級上位であったが，従属関係はなかった。しかし，のちしだいに巡撫は総督の次官のようになった。清末期の光緒年間に総督駐在の省の巡撫を廃止し，総督の駐在しない省の巡撫を独立させたので，両者はともに各省の長官のようになった。両者を略称して督撫 (とくぶ) という。

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