Emperor Junnin

Japanese: 淳仁天皇 - じゅんにんてんのう

Year of death: Tenpyo Jingo 1.10.23 (765.11.10)
Year of birth: Tenpyo 5 (733)
Emperor of the Nara period. Grandson of Emperor Tenmu. Son of Imperial Prince Toneri and Taima no Yamashiro. His given name was Prince Oin. In March 757, Prince Oin was made Crown Prince by the strong recommendation of Fujiwara no Nakamaro, replacing Prince Doso, who was made Crown Prince by the will of Emperor Shomu. Prior to this, Prince Oin had married Awata Morone, widow of Nakamaro's eldest son, Masatsugu, and lived in Nakamaro's private residence, Tamura-tai. After the plot of Tachibana Naramaro and others who were jealous of Nakamaro's tyranny was thwarted, Prince Oin ascended to the throne the following year, 758, when Empress Koken abdicated. When Empress Komyo died in the fourth year of the same year, discord between the retired Empress Koken and Junnin and Nakamaro over the treatment of Dokyo came to the surface, leading to a split in the imperial power and the supreme power of the state being held by the retired emperor. In September of the same year, Nakamaro, who was cornered, started a rebellion to try to break the deadlock, but he was hunted down as a traitor and defeated. At the same time, Emperor Junnin was deposed and exiled to Awaji and confined to a monastery in exile. In October of the first year of Tenpyo Jingo (765), the deposed emperor attempted to flee, but was captured and died in the monastery at the age of 33. In March of the ninth year of Hoki (778), his grave in Mihara County, Awaji Province, was treated as a mountain tomb, but it was not until 1870 (Meiji 3) that he was given the posthumous name of Junnin along with Emperors Kobun and Nakakyo. Tennomorigaoka in Minami Awacho, Hyogo Prefecture is said to be his tomb. <References> Kishi Toshio, Fujiwara no Nakamaro

(Kano Hisashi)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：天平神護1.10.23(765.11.10)
生年：天平5(733)
奈良時代の天皇。天武天皇の孫。舎人親王と当麻山背の子。諱は大炊王。天平勝宝9(757)年3月,聖武の遺詔によって立太子した道祖王にかわり,藤原仲麻呂の強い推挙により皇太子となった。これより前,大炊王は仲麻呂の長子真従の未亡人粟田諸姉を妻とし,仲麻呂の私邸である田村第に住んでいた。このような仲麻呂の専横を妬む橘奈良麻呂らの謀議の計画がつぶされたのち,翌天平宝字2(758)年孝謙天皇の譲位を受けて即位した。同4年光明皇太后が亡くなると,道鏡の処遇をめぐって孝謙上皇と淳仁・仲麻呂の不和が表面化し,皇権の分裂を生み,国家の大権はむしろ上皇側が握ることになった。同8年9月,追いつめられた仲麻呂は乱を起こして局面の打開をはかったが,逆賊として追討され敗死した。同時に淳仁天皇も廃帝となり,淡路に流されて配所の一院に幽閉された。天平神護1(765)年10月廃帝は逃走をはかったが,捕らえられ,院中で33歳の生涯を閉じた。宝亀9(778)年3月,淡路国三原郡の墓は山陵扱いとなったが,弘文・仲恭両天皇と共に淳仁の諡号が贈られたのは明治3(1870)年のことである。兵庫県南淡町の天王森丘が陵所とされる。<参考文献>岸俊男『藤原仲麻呂』

(狩野久)

出典　朝日日本歴史人物事典：（株）朝日新聞出版朝日日本歴史人物事典について　情報

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