Jungi Conference

An expanded meeting of the Central Politburo of the Communist Party of China was held by the Red Army on its Long March in Zunyi, Guizhou Province in January 1935. The Chinese Soviet government and the Red Army, whose "capital" was in Ruijin, Jiangxi Province, were unable to withstand the fifth encirclement attack by the Kuomintang under the far-left line led by Wang Ming (Chen Shaoyu), and so withdrew from their base and set out on the Long March to the northwest, suffering heavy losses along the way. When the Red Army temporarily occupied Zunyi, an expanded Politburo meeting was held here, where, with the strong support of Zhou Enlai, Zhu De and others, the previous line was criticized and the correctness of Mao Zedong's policies was confirmed, essentially establishing Mao's leadership position within the Chinese Communist Party. After this, not only was the policy of forming an anti-Japanese national united front put forward, but the highly innovative guerrilla tactics were also adopted in the Long March, leading to its success. This meeting is considered an important turning point in the history of the Chinese revolution, and the site of the meeting place is now preserved as a memorial museum.

[Ando Hikotaro]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

長征途上の紅軍が1935年1月、貴州(きしゅう／コイチョウ)省遵義(じゅんぎ／ツンイー)で開いた中国共産党中央政治局拡大会議。江西(こうせい／チヤンシー)省瑞金(ずいきん／ロイチン)に「首都」を置いた中華ソビエト政府と紅軍は、王明（陳紹禹(ちんしょうう／チェンシャオユー)）の指導する極左路線のもとで、国民党による第五次包囲攻撃を支えきれず、根拠地を撤収して西北への長征に出たが、途中でも多くの損害を受けた。紅軍が遵義を一時占領したとき、ここで政治局拡大会議を開き、周恩来(しゅうおんらい／チョウエンライ)、朱徳(しゅとく／チュートー)らの強力な支持のもとに、従来の路線を批判し、毛沢東(もうたくとう／マオツォートン)の方針の正しさを確認、実質的に中国共産党における毛沢東の指導的地位が確立された。これ以後、抗日民族統一戦線結成の方針が打ち出されたばかりでなく、長征にも変幻きわまりない遊撃戦法が取り入れられて、長征を成功に導いた。この会議は中国革命史上における重要な転機とされ、その会議場の跡は現在記念館として保存されている。

［安藤彦太郎］

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