Two wars between Austria and Prussia in the mid-18th century over the possession of Silesia. The Seven Years' War is sometimes called the Third Silesian War. (1) First (1740-42) When the War of the Austrian Succession broke out, Prussian King Frederick II (the Great) took the opportunity to expand his territory and demanded that Maria Theresa of Austria cede part of Silesia. When Austria refused, he invaded Silesia in December 1740 and defeated the Austrian army in various places. As a result, a peace treaty was signed in Berlin the following July with the mediation of Britain, and Austria recognized Prussia's possession of all of Silesia. (2) Second (44-45) After that, when the War of the Austrian Succession turned in Austria's favor, Frederick, fearing that Silesia would be recaptured, allied with France and Bavaria, and started hostilities again, invading Bohemia and Moravia. The Austrian army fought well and briefly held the upper hand, but was defeated by the Prussian army at the Battle of Hohenfriedburg in June 1445, and the Austrian army, which attempted to advance further to Berlin, was also defeated in Lusatia. Maria Theresa made a peace treaty in Dresden and re-recognized Prussia's possession of Silesia. Maria Theresa was unable to recover her lost territories even in the Seven Years' War that followed. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
18世紀中期に,シュレジエンの領有をめぐってオーストリアとプロシアの間で行われた2度にわたる戦争。なお,七年戦争を第3次シュレジエン戦争と呼ぶこともある。 (1) 第1次 (1740~42) オーストリア継承戦争が起るとプロシア王フリードリヒ2世 (大王)は,この機に乗じて領土の拡大をはかり,オーストリアのマリア・テレジアに対してシュレジエンの一部の割譲を要求した。オーストリアがこれを拒否すると,1740年 12月シュレジエンに進攻し,オーストリア軍を各地で破り,その結果翌年7月イギリスの仲介でベルリンで和約が結ばれ,オーストリアはプロシアの全シュレジエン領有を認めた。 (2) 第2次 (44~45) その後,オーストリア継承戦争がオーストリアに有利に展開してくると,シュレジエンを奪回されることを恐れたフリードリヒはフランス,バイエルンと結び,再び戦端を開いてボヘミア,モラビアに侵攻した。オーストリア軍は善戦し,一時優位に立ったが,45年6月ホーエンフリーデブルクの戦いでプロシア軍に敗れ,さらに長駆ベルリンに進撃しようとしたオーストリア軍もラウジッツに敗れた。マリア・テレジアはドレスデンで和議を結びプロシアのシュレジエン領有を再度承認した。こののちの七年戦争でもマリア・テレジアの失地回復はならなかった。
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