Joule, James Prescott

Japanese: ジュール（英語表記）Joule， James Prescott

Born: 24 December 1818, Salford
[Died] October 11, 1889. Sale. British physicist. Born as the second son of a wealthy brewer, he was taught by J. Dalton, and then spent his life studying independently. In 1840, he measured the amount of heat generated by an electric motor, and discovered Joule's law, which relates electric current and heat generation. He then moved on to measuring the work equivalent of heat, and in 1843, he determined the value of the work equivalent through Joule's experiment. Although his experiment was a major achievement in establishing the law of conservation of energy, it did not attract much attention, but it became widespread after W. Thomson (later known as Kelvin) recognized it. In 1845, he began experiments on the free expansion of gases, and derived the Joule-Thomson law. In 1847, he improved on the experiment of 1845 based on Thomson's ideas, and in 1852, he discovered the Joule-Thomson effect through the Joule-Thomson experiment. In 1866, he received the Copley Medal from the Royal Society.

Joule
Joule

An SI derived unit of work, energy, heat, and electric power. Its symbol is J. 1 J is the work done when a force of 1 N moves an object 1 m in the direction of the force, or the amount of energy or heat equivalent to that work. It is also the amount of electric power transported when a quantity of electricity of 1 C is transferred between two points with a potential difference of 1 V. The unit name is derived from the JP joule.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1818.12.24. ソルフォード
[没]1889.10.11. セール
イギリスの物理学者。豊かな醸造家の次男に生れ，J.ドルトンに手ほどきを受けたのち，独学で一生を研究に費やした。 1840年電動機に発生する熱量を測定し，電流と発熱量に関する「ジュールの法則」を発見。熱の仕事当量の測定に移り，43年「ジュールの実験」により仕事当量の値を求めた。彼の実験はエネルギー保存則確立のうえで重大な功績であったにもかかわらず，人々の注意をひかなかったが，W.トムソン (のちのケルビン ) が認めたために普及した。 45年，気体の自由膨張の実験に着手。「ジュール＝トムソンの法則」を導出。 47年，トムソンの考えに基づき，45年の実験を改良した「ジュール＝トムソンの実験」により，52年「ジュール＝トムソン効果」を発見する。 66年ロイヤル・ソサエティからコプリー・メダルを受けた。