For example, a claim for the delivery of an object whose object is specified only by its type and quantity, such as a dozen bags of beer, is also called an unspecified object claim. Even if the type and quantity of the object are specified, when the quality varies, the quality of the object to be delivered is determined by the will of the parties or the nature of the legal act (for example, a borrower in a consumer loan returns an object of the same quality as the object borrowed), but if it cannot be determined by these standards, the debtor should deliver an object of medium quality (Civil Code, Article 401, Paragraph 1). When a type claim is established, the object is only abstractly specified by its type and quantity, so when it is actually performed, it is necessary to determine which specific object will be delivered. This is called the specification or concentration of a type claim. Note that a claim for the delivery of a range of objects of the same type that is further limited by the parties, such as the 500 bales of rice in this warehouse, is called a limited type claim or a limited type claim. [Toshio Takeuchi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
たとえば、ビール1ダースの売買のように、目的物が種類と数量だけで定められている物の引渡しを目的とする債権をいい、不特定物債権ともいう。目的物の種類と数量が定まっていても、品質が分かれているときに、どの程度の品質の物を引き渡すべきかは、当事者の意思または法律行為の性質(たとえば消費貸借の借り主は、借りた物と同じ品質の物を返還する)によって定まるが、これらの基準によっても定まらない場合には、債務者は中等の品質の物を引き渡すべきである(民法401条1項)。種類債権は、債権成立のときにはまだ目的物が種類と数量によって抽象的に定まっているにすぎないから、実際に履行するに際しては具体的にどの物を給付するかを確定しなければならない。これを種類債権の特定または集中という。なお、たとえば、この倉庫の中の米500俵というように、同じ種類の物の中からさらに当事者によって限定された範囲の物の引渡しを目的とする債権を、制限種類債権あるいは限定種類債権という。 [竹内俊雄] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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