Mount Sumeru

Japanese: 須弥山 - しゅみせん
Mount Sumeru

A giant mountain at the center of the world in Buddhist cosmology. In Sanskrit, it is called Meru or Sumeru, the latter of which is transliterated as Sumeru or Sumai-ro. It is roughly translated as Myoko. It stands at the center of a golden ring filled with water, and is 80,000 yojanas (1 yojana is about 7 km) above the water surface, and is surrounded by seven concentric mountain ranges. Outside the outermost mountain range, there is a continent on each of the north, south, east and west sides of Mount Sumeru, and the continent we live on is called Senbushu in the south. The sun, moon, and stars revolve horizontally around Mount Sumeru. The east, west, north, and south sides of the mountain are made of different materials, but the southern side made of lapis lazuli makes the southern sky shine blue. The Four Great Kings of Heaven live on the mountainside, and the Thirty-Three Devas (Tori-ten) led by Taishakuten live on the peak. The peak is home to Zenkenjo Castle and Shushoden Hall, making it a kind of paradise. It may be related to the mountain name Melos, which appears in the story of Alexander the Great's eastern expedition, and the name of a city in Turkmenistan, Merv (present-day Mari).

[Akira Sadakata]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

仏教宇宙論における世界中心的な巨山。サンスクリット語でメールMeruまたはスメールSumeruといい、後者が須弥ないし、蘇迷盧(そめいろ)と音訳される。意訳は妙高(みょうこう)。水をたたえた金輪(こんりん)の中心に立ち、水面上の高さは8万由旬(ゆじゅん)(1由旬は一説に約7キロメートル)で、周囲には同心状に七つの山脈が取り巻く。最外周の山脈のさらに外には、須弥山の東西南北の方角にあたって一つずつ大陸があり、そのうち南にあるのが、われわれの住む大陸「贍部洲(せんぶしゅう)」である。須弥山を中心に太陽、月、星が水平に回っている。山の東西南北の面はそれぞれ異なる物質からなるが、瑠璃(るり)でできた南面は南の空を青く映えさせている。山腹には四大王天(しだいおうてん)らが住み、頂上には帝釈天(たいしゃくてん)を首領とする三十三天(忉利天(とうりてん))らが住む。頂上には善見城(ぜんけんじょう)や殊勝殿(しゅしょうでん)があり、一種の楽園となっている。アレクサンドロス大王の東征伝に出る山名メーロスやトルクメニスタンの都市名メルブ(現マリー)などと関連があるかもしれない。

[定方 晟]

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