Stuttgart - Stuttgart (English spelling)

Japanese: シュトゥットガルト - しゅとぅっとがると（英語表記）Stuttgart

The capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southwestern Germany. Population 588,500 (2002). Also written as Stuttgart. Located on the left bank of the midstream of the Neckar River, in a long, narrow basin-like depression running from northeast to southwest, the city is surrounded on three sides by hills with many forests and orchards. Only the northeast part opens onto the Neckar River, and on the opposite bank there are mineral springs boasting large amounts of spring water. From the 12th to the 19th century, the city continued to expand as the capital of duchies, grand duchies, and kingdoms, and improved its functions as a political, economic, and cultural center, but since 1953 after World War II, it has further enhanced its functions as a state capital. On the other hand, since the end of the 19th century, when companies such as Bosch, an electrical equipment manufacturer, and Daimler, an automobile manufacturer, established factories in the city, the city has grown remarkably, centered on commerce and industry. The city area has expanded significantly by merging with surrounding cities and towns, and it has become a core city of the industrial city group in the middle reaches of the Neckar River, one of the most densely populated and commercial/industrially dense areas in Germany.

[Yoichi Asano]

history

It originated from a horse farm for the Grand Duke of Swabia and became a city in the 13th century. In the mid-15th century, it flourished as the residence of the Counts of Wurttemberg, and a town hall and mint were built, with a population of approximately 6,000. Development in the 16th century was halted by the Thirty Years' War, and the population of 10,000 was halved. In the 19th century, it became the political and cultural center of the Kingdom of Wurttemberg, and from the second half of the 19th century, industries in dyes, machinery, sugar refining, electrical equipment, and automobiles flourished. After World War II, it was temporarily part of the American occupation zone (July 8, 1945 - December 31, 1946). It is the birthplace of publisher Cotta, philosopher Hegel, poets Uhland and Mörike, among others.

[Minoru Morota]

Stiftskirche
The oldest church in Stuttgart, built in the 12th century. It is one of the many representative historical buildings remaining in the city. Stuttgart, Germany ©Shu Okada ">

Stiftskirche

Old Palace in Stuttgart
Formerly the castle of the Counts of Wurttemberg. Currently, part of the building is the Wurttemberg State Museum, which introduces and exhibits the history and art of the Wurttemberg region. Stuttgart, Germany ©Shu Okada ">

Old Palace in Stuttgart

New Palace in Stuttgart
A Baroque palace built in the 18th century. It is currently used as the government building for the state of Baden-Württemberg. Stuttgart, Germany ©Shu Okada ">

New Palace in Stuttgart

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ドイツ南西部、バーデン・ウュルテンベルク州の州都。人口58万8500（2002）。シュツットガルトとも書く。ネッカー川中流左岸、北東―南西方向の細長い盆地状の凹地に位置し、市街地の三方は森林や果樹園の多い丘陵地。北東部のみネッカー川に向かって開いており、対岸には大量の湧水(ゆうすい)を誇る鉱泉がある。12世紀から19世紀の間、公爵領、大公領、王国の首都として拡大を続け、政治、経済、文化などの中心地としての機能を高めたが、第二次世界大戦後の1953年以降は州都としての諸機能がますます充実している。その一方で、19世紀末に電気機器のボッシュ、自動車のダイムラーなどが工場を設けてから、商工業を軸とした都市成長も目覚ましく、周辺市町村を合併して市域を著しく拡大し、ドイツでも有数の人口・商工業稠密(ちゅうみつ)地帯をなすネッカー川中流域工業都市群の中核都市となっている。

［朝野洋一］

歴史

シュワーベン大公の養馬場からおこり、13世紀に都市となった。15世紀なかばにはウュルテンベルク伯の居住地として栄え、市庁舎や造幣所が建てられて、人口約6000を擁した。16世紀の発展は三十年戦争で中断し、1万の人口は半減した。19世紀にウュルテンベルク王国の首都として政治と文化の中心地になり、19世紀後半から染料、機械、精糖、電気機器、自動車工業がおこった。第二次世界大戦後は一時（1945.7.8～46.12.31）アメリカ占領地区に入った。出版業者コッタ、哲学者ヘーゲル、詩人ウーラント、メーリケらの生地である。

［諸田　實］

シュティフト教会

シュトゥットガルトの旧宮殿

シュトゥットガルトの新宮殿

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