Vellāla (English spelling)

Japanese: Vellāla(英語表記)Vellala
Vellāla (English spelling)

...This term is found in the Vedas as far back as the 12th century, but is widely known as a self-governing organization within a village, often found in inscriptions on temple donations under the Chola dynasty. While the urūr is a communal organization in a general village, mainly composed of the Vellāla farming caste, the sabha is found in Brahmadeya villages where Brahmins are granted land to live, and the members of the assembly are limited to Brahmins. Its functions include tax collection, irrigation, arable land, punishment, family registration, keeping records of donations, and other general issues of village administration.

From Sri Lanka

…The caste system exists in both Sinhalese and Tamil societies, but it is said to be less restrictive than in India. There are no castes corresponding to Brahmin, Kshatriya, or Vaishya, and it is characteristic that the Goyigama (Sinhalese) and Vellāla (Tamil) peasant castes occupy the top position. Caste mainly functions as a marriage unit, and together with the dowry system, it is a major factor in determining spouses. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Vellāla" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…古くはベーダにもこの語がみられるが,チョーラ朝下の寺院への寄進刻文に多くみられる村落内の自治組織として広く知られている。ウールūrとよばれるものがベッラーラVellālaを主体とする農民カーストによって構成される一般村落の共同組織であるのに対して,サバーはバラモンが土地を施与されて住むブラフマデーヤ村落にみられ,集会の成員もバラモンに限られる。またその機能は徴税をはじめ,灌漑,耕地,刑罰,戸籍,寄進に関する記録の保持,その他村落行政全般の問題にかかわった。…

【スリランカ】より

…カースト制は,シンハラ社会とタミル社会の双方に存在するが,インドに比べその規制力が弱いといわれている。バラモン,クシャトリヤ,バイシャに対応するカーストがみられず,ゴイガマGoyigama(シンハラ人)とベッラーラVellāla(タミル人)という農民カーストが最上位を占めているのが特徴的である。カーストは通婚単位としての機能が中心であり,持参金(ダウリ)制度とともに配偶者を決める大きな条件となっている。…

※「Vellāla」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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