American New Cinema

Japanese: アメリカン・ニュー・シネマ(英語表記)American New Cinema
American New Cinema
It refers to the new American films that began to appear around 1967, but there is no clear definition. When A. Penn's There's No Tomorrow for Bones (1967) was released, journalists started calling it "New Cinema," and since then, the term has become a general term for a group of films that went against the traditional Hollywood method. Other examples include M. Nichols' The Graduate (1967), D. Hopper's Easy Rider (1969), J.R. Hill's Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969), and S. Peckinpah's Wild Punch (1969). The 1960s was a time of rapid change both at home and abroad surrounding the movies, when society was shaken by the Vietnam War and the civil rights movement, young people were increasingly rebelling against established values, and the old system in the film industry was beginning to disintegrate. It was against this background that "New Cinema" was born. These films were characterized by anti-establishment values, free speech, and location-centricity, and their unprecedented, innovative expressions breathed fresh air into American films, but in essence, these works were also nothing other than Hollywood films. When "New Cinema" became commercially successful, Hollywood self-organized these methods of expression and continued to grow. This term is often used in Japan, but in America, where it originated, it can be said to be almost obsolete.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
1967年ころから登場し始めた新しいアメリカ映画をいうが,明確な定義はない。 A.ペンの『俺たちに明日はない』 (1967年) が公開されたとき,ジャーナリズムが「ニュー・シネマ」と呼んだのが始まりで,以降,その呼び名は,従来のハリウッド方式に逆らう一群の作品を指す総称となる。ほかに M.ニコルスの『卒業』 (67年) ,D.ホッパーの『イージー・ライダー』 (69年) ,J. R.ヒルの『明日に向かって撃て!』 (69年) ,S.ペキンパーの『ワイルド・パンチ』 (69年) など。 60年代は,映画を取り巻く内外の状況が急変していった時代で,社会がベトナム戦争や公民権運動に揺れ動き,若者が既成の価値観に反発を強め,映画界では旧来のシステムが解体しかけていた。この背景の下,「ニュー・シネマ」が誕生したのである。反体制的な価値観や自由な話法,ロケーション中心主義などがそれらの特徴で,それまでにない斬新な表現は,アメリカ映画に新風を吹き込んだが,本質的にこれらの作品もまた,ハリウッド映画以外の何物でもなかった。ハリウッドは「ニュー・シネマ」が興行的に成功すると,そういう表現方法をも自己組織化し,さらに成長していくのである。この呼称は,日本ではよく使われるが,発祥地のアメリカではすでに死語に近いといえよう。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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