French painter. Born in Montauban on August 29th. After studying at the Royal Academie in Toulouse, he went to Paris in 1797 and entered the Porta David. In 1801, he won the Prix de Rome for "The Messenger of Agamemnon", but due to the political and economic situation of the time, he did not leave for Rome until five years later. During his time in Rome (1806-1820), he stayed at the Villa Medici in Rome via Florence, where he was deeply impressed by the Vatican's "Raffaello Rooms" and the Sistine Chapel, and also became interested in ancient coins and sculptures. In addition to many excellent portraits, he painted "The Bather of Valpinçon" (1808, Louvre Museum), which became the starting point for many of his later works on bathers. After his scholarship ended in 1810, he stayed in Rome and earned a living by painting commissioned portraits, and in addition to "The Dream of Ossian" (1813, Montauban Museum), which symbolizes his romantic poetic imagination, he painted "Madame de Senonne" (Nantes Museum of Fine Arts) and "Grande Odalisque" (Louvre) in 1814. During his stay in Florence from 1820 to 1824, he was commissioned by the French government to paint "The Oath of Louis XIII" (Montauban Cathedral), and in 1824 he returned to Paris with this masterpiece and exhibited it at the same Salon where Delacroix's "Massacre at Chios" was exhibited. As a symbol of tradition and classicism in opposition to the romanticism after the death of David, he became involved in public activities. At the Salon of 1827, his "Homage to Homer" (Louvre) competed against Delacroix's "Death of King Sardanapalus," but he also produced works such as "M. Bertin" (1832, Louvre), which accurately portrayed the new individuality of the middle class. Disappointed by the poor reception of his works exhibited at the Salon of 1834, Ingres returned to Italy the following year as director of the French Academy in Rome. He returned to Paris six years later in 1841, already a master in both name and reality, and a defender of the standards of academicism and classicism. He left behind "The Fountain" (1856) and "The Turkish Bath" (1863, both Louvre), which were his representative works in his later years, and died in Paris on January 14, 1867. The themes of his work are extremely diverse, including classical, archaic, oriental, and romantic. In depicting these themes, he pursued strict realism by collecting archaeological and historical materials and creating copies, while arranging his compositions through stylization and distortion, mainly using curved lines. He persistently pursued precise movement, crystallizing it into immobility. It was this "strangeness" that earned Ingres an appreciation from Baudelaire, who preferred Delacroix. Ingres' diversity and composition were inherited by Cézanne and others, as well as by Cubism and Surrealism. Currently, the Ingres Museum is located in his hometown of Montauban, which houses his oil paintings and over 4,000 drawings and other materials. [Daniel Ternoa and Kimio Nakayama] "Ingres" by Robert Rosenblum, translated by Kimio Nakayama (1970, Bijutsu Shuppansha)" ▽ "Rizzoli Edition World Art Collection 11 Ingres" edited by Kimio Nakayama (1975, Shueisha)" [References] |1851-1853 Oil on canvas, Metropolitan Museum of Art Ingres' "The Duchess of De Broglie" Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランスの画家。8月29日モントーバンに生まれる。トゥールーズの王立アカデミーに学んだあと1797年パリに出てダビッドの門に入る。1801年『アガメムノンの使者』でローマ賞を得たが、当時の政治的・経済的状況のためローマへの出発は5年後となった。フィレンツェを経由し、ローマのビラ・メディチに滞在したローマ時代(1806~1820)に、バチカンの「ラファエッロの間」やシスティナ礼拝堂に深い感銘を受けるとともに、古代貨幣や古代彫刻にも興味をもち、多くの優れた肖像画のほか、後の何点もの浴女の作品の発端となった『バルパンソンの浴女』(1808・ルーブル美術館)が描かれた。1810年、給費滞在の期間終了後もローマにとどまり、注文肖像画によって生計をたてながら、彼のロマン派的な詩想を象徴する『オシアンの夢』(1813・モントーバン美術館)のほか、1814年には『スノンヌ夫人』(ナント美術館)、『グランド・オダリスク』(ルーブル)などを描いた。1820~1824年のフィレンツェ滞在中、フランス政府の注文によって『ルイ13世の誓い』(モントーバン大聖堂)を描き、この大作を携えて1824年パリに戻り、ドラクロワの『キオス島の虐殺』の出品された同じサロンに展示、ダビッド亡きあとのロマン派に対抗する、伝統と古典主義の象徴として公的な活動に従事することとなった。1827年のサロンでも、彼の『ホメロス礼賛』(ルーブル)はドラクロワの『サルダナパロス王の死』に対抗したが、一方では市民階級の新しい個性を的確に描いた『ベルタン氏』(1832・ルーブル)のような作品をも描いている。1834年のサロン出品作の不評に失望したアングルは、翌1835年ローマのフランス・アカデミーの館長として再度イタリアに赴く。6年後の1841年にパリに戻るが、もはや名実ともに巨匠として、またアカデミズム、古典主義の規範の擁護者としてであった。『泉』(1856)、『トルコ風呂(ぶろ)』(1863・ともにルーブル)などを晩年の代表作として残し、1867年1月14日パリで没した。 彼の作品の主題は、古典、アルカイズム、オリエント、ロマン主義などきわめて多岐にわたる。これらの主題の描写では、考古学的、歴史的な資料の収集や複製の制作などを行い厳密な写実性を追求する一方で、曲線の体系を主とする様式化、歪曲(わいきょく)によって構図を整える。正確な動きを執拗(しつよう)に追求しながら、不動性へと結晶させるのである。どちらかといえばドラクロワを好んだボードレールがアングルを評価したのも、この「奇異なもの」によってである。このアングルの多様性や構図は、セザンヌたちによっても、またキュビスムやシュルレアリスムによっても受け継がれた。現在、生地モントーバンには、彼の油彩および4000点以上もの素描やその他の資料を収集したアングル美術館がある。 [ダニエル・テルノア・中山公男] 『ロバート・ローゼンブラム著、中山公男訳『アングル』(1970・美術出版社)』▽『中山公男編『リッツォーリ版世界美術全集 11 アングル』(1975・集英社)』 [参照項目] |1851~1853年 油彩メトロポリタン美術館所蔵"> アングル『ド・ブローイ公爵夫人』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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