A general term for hydrogen isotopes with mass numbers 2 and 3. Or it can refer to the isotope with mass number 2 alone (deuterium D, 2 H). In this case, the isotope with mass number 3 is called tritium (tritium T, 3 H). When referring to the element, it can include all of D 2 , T 2 , HD, HT, and DT. D 2 can be obtained by electrolysis of heavy water (deuterium oxide) or by reacting heavy water with metallic sodium. It is a colorless, odorless, flammable gas. Boiling point 23.3097 K (H 2 20.39 K). Critical temperature 38.34 K (H 2 33.18 K). Triple point 18.73 K. First ionization energy 14.4666 eV. D was discovered by HC Urey in 1931 through spectroscopic analysis. The boiling points of the other elements are HD 22.13 K and T 2 25.04 K. Its chemical properties are almost the same as H2 , but due to the difference in mass, some differences in reaction speeds occur (isotope effect). Both D and T are used as tracers in chemical and biological experiments. They are also used in nuclear fusion reactions such as hydrogen bombs. Tritium is used in luminous watches and military compass faces, and to indicate exits and emergency exits. [CAS 7782-39-0: D2 ][CAS 10028-17-8: T2 ][CAS 13983-20-5:HD] Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
質量数2と3の水素の同位体の総称.あるいは2のものだけをいう(ジュウテリウムD,2H).この場合,3の同位体は,三重水素(トリチウムT,3H)とよばれる.単体をさすときは D2,T2,HD,HT,DTのすべてを含むことがある.D2 は重水(酸化ジュウテリウム)の電解,または重水と金属ナトリウムの反応で得られる.無色,無臭,可燃性の気体.沸点23.3097 K(H220.39 K).臨界温度38.34 K(H233.18 K).三重点18.73 K.第一イオン化エネルギー14.4666 eV.Dは1931年,H.C. Urey(ユーリー)により,スペクトル分析によって発見された.ほかの単体の沸点はHD 22.13 K,T225.04 K.化学的性質は H2 とほとんど同じであるが,質量の差のため反応速度などに多少の差が現れる(同位体効果).D,Tともにトレーサーとして化学,生物実験に使用される.水素爆弾など核融合反応にも用いられる.トリチウムは夜光時計・軍用コンパスの文字盤,出口・非常口の表示などに用いられる.[CAS 7782-39-0:D2][CAS 10028-17-8:T2][CAS 13983-20-5:HD] 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
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