...Furthermore, focusing on the tension between investment and savings, which was later formulated by Keynes and others, Wicksell attempted to analyze the uncertainty inherent in capitalism by showing the accumulation process of imbalances in macroeconomic variables such as employment volume and price levels. Wicksell's ideas were generalized by Erik Robert Lindahl (1891-1960) and Erik Filip Lundberg (1907- ) as a dynamic analysis of economic cycles and economic growth. In response to this, Cassel modified Walras's general equilibrium theory, abstracting the role played by subjective value judgments, and constructed a theoretical framework for analyzing the process of economic cycles based on the behavior of economic agents in the market. ... From [Tax Theory]...This capability theory requires the achievement of "horizontal equity," in which people with equal capabilities should pay equally, and "vertical equity," in which people with greater capabilities should pay more. The issue of optimal taxation in relation to efficient resource allocation was taken up by proponents of the "benefit theory," such as E. Barone, JGK Wicksell, and Erik Robert Lindahl (1891-1960). This benefit theory argues that when financing government expenditures, taxes should be imposed individually according to the benefits people receive from government expenditures. ... *Some of the terminology references "Lindahl, ER" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…さらに,のちにケインズたちによって定式化された投資と貯蓄との緊張関係に焦点を当てて,雇用量,価格水準などマクロ経済的諸変量について,その不均衡の累積過程を示すことによって,資本主義に内在する不定定性を分析しようとした。ウィクセルのこの考え方は,リンダールErik Robert Lindahl(1891‐1960)やルンドベリーErik Filip Lundberg(1907‐ )によって,経済循環と経済成長に関する動学的分析として一般化された。 これに対して,カッセルは,ワルラスの一般均衡理論に修正を加え,主観的価値判断の果たす役割を捨象して,市場における経済主体の行動様式を基礎にしながら,経済循環のプロセスを分析するという理論枠組みの構築を行った。… 【租税理論】より…この能力説は,等しい能力をもつ人々は等しく支払うべきであるという〈水平的公平〉と,大きい能力をもつ人々が多く支払うべきであるという〈垂直的公平〉の達成を要求している。効率的な資源配分との関係における最適課税の問題はE.バローネ,J.G.K.ウィクセル,リンダールErik Robert Lindahl(1891‐1960)らの〈利益説〉の論者によって取り上げられた。この利益説は,政府支出の費用を調達する場合,政府支出から受ける人々の利益に応じて個別的に課税すべきであると主張している。… ※「Lindahl,E.R.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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