The first written records in China to survive are found in the oracle bone inscriptions from the late Shang dynasty. The numeral system used in oracle bone inscriptions is primarily a decimal system, counting up to 10,000 digits. In addition, days are counted using a sexagesimal system combining the ten heavenly stems and twelve earthly branches. There is a paucity of materials to inform us of the mathematics of the next Zhou dynasty, but by the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, mathematics appears to have developed considerably, centering on the four arithmetic operations. Unlike modern Arabic numerals, numerals written in Chinese characters did not allow for written arithmetic, so calculating sticks (called san, chu, sek, etc.) were used for calculations. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
中国で文字による記録が残っているのは,殷代晩期の甲骨文からである。甲骨文による記数法は十進法が主体で,万位までを数えている。このほか十干十二支を組み合わせた六十進法で日を数えている。次の周代の数学を知る資料は乏しいが,春秋戦国ともなると,四則計算を中心にかなり数学が発達してきたと思われる。漢字による数字表記では,現在のアラビア数字とはちがい,筆算が行えないため,計算には算木(算,籌(ちゆう),策などという)が使用された。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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